Spatio-Temporal Variability Analysis of Rainfall in Kumadugu-Yobe River Basin, Nigeria
Abstract
Large-scale climatic variability is seriously affecting rainfall and temperature distribution pattern in Sudano-Sahelian parts of Lake Chad Basin. The Kumadugu-gana and Yobe Rivers that drain the south-western part of the Lake Chad Basin now flow for six months only in a year instead of nine, and this has affected the entire ecosystem of the basin. This study examines the spatio-temporal variability of Kumagu-Yobe river basin rainfall. The study used monthly rainfall records for 1981-2017 from five different weather stations that spread across the up-and-downstream parts of the basin. To accomplish the objective of the study descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the rainfall attributes and temporal distribution pattern for each of the stations during the study period. Linear regression model was used in analyzing the stations rainfall temporal variability trend. The findings of the study revealed a large scale spatio-temporal variability in the distribution of the rainfall attributes during the study period. Generally, the basin recorded increasing trend of rainfall within the study period. Annual increasing trends of 1.1mm, 3.1mm, 17.6mm and 17.2mm were observed at Potiskum, Nguru, Bauchi and Kano stations respectively. Thus, Jos records insignificant decreasing trend of -0.2mm annually. Specifically, a variability of less than 1% was also observed at Jos and Potiskum stations which is statistically insignificant. A variability of 19%, 28% and 44% was observed at Nguru, Kano, Jos, and Bauchi respectively. Overall, throughout the study periods the basin recorded increasing trend of rainfall that is characterised with large scale fluctuations particularly at the upstream section of the basin. However, desertification and upstream water abstraction may have reduced any noticeable increase in stream downstream
Keywords : River Yobe, Kumadugu-Yobe Basin, Rainfall, Spatio-Temporal variability
Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
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References
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Umar, A. S., & Ankidawa, B. A. (2016). Climate variability and basin management: A threat to and from wetlands of Komadugu Yobe Basin, North Eastern Nigeria. Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(2).
Usman, S. U., Abdulhamid, A. I., & Sawa, B. A. (2015). An Assesement of Spatio-Temporal Variability of Drought in The Semi-arid Zone of Nigeria Using Standardized Precipitation Index. Zaria Geographer, 22(1), 98–108.
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Buma, W., Lee, S.-I., & Seo, J. (2016). Hydrological Evaluation of Lake Chad Basin Using Space Borne and Hydrological Model Observations. Water, 8(5), 205. doi:10.3390/w8050205.
Zemba, A. A., Umar, Y., & Binbol, N. L. (2018). Climatic information as evidence of desertification processes in northern Yobe State, Nigeria: Implications for agriculture and ecosystem. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 24(1), 117. doi:10.4314/gjpas.v24i1.14.
Adakayi, P. E. (2012). An assesment of rainfall and temperature variations in selected stations in parts of Northern Nigeria. Ph.D Thesis, Department of Geography and Planning, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Adeyeri, O. E., Lawin, A. E., Laux, P., Ishola, K. A., & Ige, S. O. (2019). Analysis of climate extreme indices over the Komadugu-Yobe basin, Lake Chad region: Past and future occurrences. Weather and Climate Extremes, 23, 100194. doi:10.1016/j.wace.2019.100194.
Alexandrov, V., & Genev, M. (2003). Climate variability and change impact on water resources in Bulgaria. European Water, 1(2), 25–30.
Anyamba, A., & Tucker, C. J. (2005). Analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data from 1981–2003. Journal of Arid Environments, 63(3), 596–614. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.03.007.
Bibi, U., Kaduk, J., & Balzter, H. (2014). Spatial-Temporal Variation and Prediction of Rainfall in Northeastern Nigeria. Climate, 2(3), 206–222. doi:10.3390/cli2030206.
Buontempo, C., Booth, B., & Moufouma-Okia, W. (2010). Sahelian climate: Past, current, projections. Met Office Hadley Centre, Devon.
Desconnets, J. C., Taupin, J. D., Lebel, T., & Leduc, C. (1997). Hydrology of the HAPEX-Sahel Central Super-Site: surface water drainage and aquifer recharge through the pool systems. Journal of Hydrology, 188-189,. doi:10.1016/s0022-1694(96)03158-7.
Finlayson, C. M., Gitay, H., Bellio, M. G., Van Dam, R. A., & Taylor, I. (2006). Climate variability and change and other pressures on Wetlands and Waterbirds: Impacts and Adaptation Waterbirds around the world. In G. C. Boere, C. A. Galbraith, & D. A. Stroud (Eds.), The Stationary Office (pp. 88–97).
Gao, H., Bohn, T. J., Podest, E., McDonald, K. C., & Lettenmaier, D. P. (2011). On the causes of the shrinking of Lake Chad. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), 034021. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/6/3/034021.
Geerken, R., Vassolo, S., & Bila, M. (2010). Impacts of climate variability and population pressure on water resources in the Lake Chad Basin. The Global Dimensions of Change in River Basins, 116.
Hulme, M. (1995). Estimating global changes in precipitation. Weather, 50(34–42). https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1995.tb06074.x
Hulme, M. (2001). Climatic perspectives on Sahelian desiccation: 1973–1998. Global Environmental Change, 11(1), 19–29. doi:10.1016/s0959-3780(00)00042-x.
IUCN (2011). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved from https://www.iucn.org/.
IFAD. (2008). Climate Change and the future of smallholder agriculture climate change and the future of smallholder agriculture how can rural poor people be a part of the solution to climate change. International Fund for Agricultural Development.
Isiorho, S. A., Matisoff, G., & Wehn, K. S. (1996). Seepage Relationships Between Lake Chad and the Chad Aquifers. Ground Water, 34(5), 819–826. doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02076.x.
Jajere, A. A., Abbas, A. M., & Abdu, A. (2021). Rainfall Recovery in North-East Arid Zone of Nigeria: Comparative Analysis of Drought and Post Drought Decades. Asian Journal of Geographical Research, 1–16. doi:10.9734/ajgr/2021/v4i498.
Jury, M. R., & Gouirand, I. (2011). Decadal climate variability in the eastern Caribbean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 116(D21). doi:10.1029/2010jd015107.
Lapworth, D. J., MacDonald, A. M., Tijani, M. N., Darling, W. G., Gooddy, D. C., Bonsor, H. C., & Araguás-Araguás, L. J. (2012). Residence times of shallow groundwater in West Africa: implications for hydrogeology and resilience to future changes in climate. Hydrogeology Journal, 21(3), 673–686. doi:10.1007/s10040-012-0925-4.
Mahmood, R., Jia, S., & Zhu, W. (2019). Analysis of climate variability, trends, and prediction in the most active parts of the Lake Chad basin, Africa. Scientific Reports, 9(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42811-9.
Mertz, O., D’haen, S., Maiga, A., Moussa, I. B., Barbier, B., Diouf, A., … Dabi, D. (2012). Climate Variability and Environmental Stress in the Sudan-Sahel Zone of West Africa. AMBIO, 41(4), 380–392. doi:10.1007/s13280-011-0231-8.
Mohammed, M., Abdulhamid, A., Badamasi, M., & Ahmed, M. (2015). Rainfall Dynamics and Climate Change in Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 7(5), 386–395. doi:10.9734/jsrr/2015/17098.
Mustapha, B. M., Bello, A. A., & Usman, A. A. (2018). Analysis of rainfall variation over northern parts of Nigeria. Environmental and Earth Sciences Research Journal, 5(3), 74–78. doi:10.18280/eesrj.050304
Odiana, S., & Ibrahim, A. (2015). An Assessment of the evidence of Climate change in Bauchi, Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage, 19(3), 375–381. 375. doi:10.4314/jasem.v19i3.5.
Okonkwo, C., Demoz, B., & Gebremariam, S. (2014). Characteristics of Lake Chad Level Variability and Links to ENSO, Precipitation, and River Discharge. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1–13. doi:10.1155/2014/145893.
Oyebande, L. (2001). Streamflow regime change and ecological response in the Lake Chad basin in Nigeria. IAHS Publications-Series of Proceedings and Reports-Intern Assoc Hydrological Sciences, 266, 101–112.
Pham-Duc, B., Sylvestre, F., Papa, F., Frappart, F., Bouchez, C., & Crétaux, J.-F. (2020). The Lake Chad hydrology under current climate change. Scientific Reports, 10(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-020-62417-w.
Mahmood, R., Jia, S., & Zhu, W. (2019). Analysis of climate variability, trends, and prediction in the most active parts of the Lake Chad basin, Africa. Scientific Reports, 9(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42811-9.
Lempert, R. J., Schlesinger, M. E., Bankes, S. C., & Andronova, N. G. (2000). The Impacts of Climate Variability on Near-Term Policy Choices and the Value of Information. Societal Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change, 129–161. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-3010-5_8.
Science Daily. (2011). Africa’s Lake Chad Shrinks by 20 Times Due To Irrigation Demands. Science Daily.
Ogungbenro, S. B., & Morakinyo, T. E. (2014). Rainfall distribution and change detection across climatic zones in Nigeria. Weather and Climate Extremes, 5-6.. doi:10.1016/j.wace.2014.10.002.
Taiwo, A., Utah, E. U., & Sombo, T. E. (n.d.). Monthly Variation and Annual Trends of Rainfall across Major Climatic Zones in Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP), 10(14), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-1004011528.
Thompson, J. R., & Polet, G. (2000). Hydrology and land use in a Sahelian floodplain wetland. Wetlands, 20(4), 639–659.
Umar, A. S., & Ankidawa, B. A. (2016). Climate variability and basin management: A threat to and from wetlands of Komadugu Yobe Basin, North Eastern Nigeria. Asian Journal of Engineering and Technology, 4(2).
Usman, S. U., Abdulhamid, A. I., & Sawa, B. A. (2015). An Assesement of Spatio-Temporal Variability of Drought in The Semi-arid Zone of Nigeria Using Standardized Precipitation Index. Zaria Geographer, 22(1), 98–108.
United Nations Environment Programme (2006). Climate change and variability in the Sahel region: Impacts and adaptation strategies in the agricultural sector. Retrieved from www.unep.org.
Buma, W., Lee, S.-I., & Seo, J. (2016). Hydrological Evaluation of Lake Chad Basin Using Space Borne and Hydrological Model Observations. Water, 8(5), 205. doi:10.3390/w8050205.
Zemba, A. A., Umar, Y., & Binbol, N. L. (2018). Climatic information as evidence of desertification processes in northern Yobe State, Nigeria: Implications for agriculture and ecosystem. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 24(1), 117. doi:10.4314/gjpas.v24i1.14.
Published
2022-04-23
How to Cite
JAJERE, Ahmed Abubakar et al.
Spatio-Temporal Variability Analysis of Rainfall in Kumadugu-Yobe River Basin, Nigeria.
Geosfera Indonesia, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. 18-41, apr. 2022.
ISSN 2614-8528.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/GEOSI/article/view/24302>. Date accessed: 21 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v7i1.24302.
Section
Original Research Articles
