Perkembangan Penyakit Periodontal Pasca Dua Tahun Pandemi COVID-19 pada Pasien Dengan Diagnosis Penyakit Periodontal di RSGM UMY

Abstract

Periodontal diseases commonly include gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is the initial stage of periodontitis. Gingivitis will develop into periodontitis if not treated. During the COVID-19 pandemic, activity restrictions and rules to suspend non-emergency dental care have led to a decrease in patient visits to the dentist. The risk of being infected with COVID-19 due to dental treatment, especially the use of tools that produce aerosols, causes patients to delay scaling treatments which are crucial in maintaining periodontal tissue health. This of course affects the incidence and severity of periodontal disease. After the decline in the incidence of COVID-19 and the elimination of the pandemic status, patients began to visit the dentist and get delayed treatment. This study aims to observe the progress of periodontal disease before pandemic and two years after pandemic. This study is a descriptive observational study that observed the development of periodontal disease in patients visiting RSGM UMY between before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected based on medical records of patients who visited RSGM UMY in the year before the pandemic (2019) and two years after the pandemic (2022-2023). Inclusion criteria included all patients who visited RSGM UMY in 2019 and were diagnosed with periodontal disease, patients who came back for treatment in the 2022-2023 period, aged 20-70 years, and did not suffer from systemic diseases. Patients with an age group of 17-50 years, 42.12% of those diagnosed with gingivitis did not experience progression to worse, while 52.62% experienced progression to worse periodontal conditions. A total of 36.84% of gingivitis patients progressed to chronic periodontitis. In patients aged 50-70 years, 35.73% of chronic periodontitis status did not change, however, 57.13% of patients experienced progression to more severe periodontal disease. A total of 21.43% of gingivitis conditions progressed to chronic periodontitis. Most cases of periodontal disease, both in the young and elderly, progressed to a more severe condition due to treatment delays during the COVID-19 pandemic.