Antibacterial Potency from Ethanol Extract Leaves of Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi Blanco) against Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus subtilis
Abstract
Gastrointestinal infection is a common infection in Indonesia. Many bacteria could cause gastrointestinal disorder, including Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus subtilis. Currently, they are treated using chemical and traditional drugs. One of the common pants in Indonesia is Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi). The objective our study to determine antibacterial activity and inhibitory mechanism of Kluwih leaf extract against pathogenic bacteria which cause gastrointestinal infection, i.e. Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus subtilis. The extraction process used maceration technique using 96% ethanol solvent and the antibacterial activity was studied using agar diffusion method. The research result showed that Kluwih leaf extract had inhibitory power with KHM (minimum inhibitory concentration) value of 25% against S. dysenteriae and 6.25% against B. subtilis. The present study also revealed that Kluwih leaf was suspected to have inhibitory activity against bacteria by making holes in the membrane of bacterial cell, leading to the release of nucleic acid and protein and cell death.
Keywords: antibacterial, Artocarpus camansi, kluwih, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus subtilis.
References
Adaramoye OA & Akanni OO. 2014. Effects of Methanol Extract of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) on Atherogenic Indices and Redox Status of Cellular System of Hypercholesterolemic Male Rats. Advances in Pharmacological Science. 2014: 604525.
AOAC International. 1990. AOAC: Agricultural Chemicals; Contaminants; Drugs. AOAC: Official Methods of Analysis. 1.
Arif M, Rahman N & Supriadi S. 2018. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Buah Kluwih (Artocarpus communis). Jurnal Akademika Kimia 7:85.
Banu KS & Cathrine L. 2015. General Techniques Involved in Phytochemical Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science. 2:25–32.
Chan S, Popplewell W, Henrich C, Linehan W, Bottaro D, Mcmahon J, Mckee T &Gustafson K. 2013. Isolation and Identification of Natural Products from Artocarpus communis. Planta Medica. 79.
Davis WW & Stout TR. 1971. Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay. Applied Microbiology 22: 666–670.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. 2000. Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat.
Durniawati E. 2015. Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Tunas Bambu Apus Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus Secara Invitro. Jurnal Wiyata. 2:193–199.
Eryuda F &Soleha TU. 2016. Ekstrak Daun Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) dalam Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus. Majority. 5: 71–75.
Fakhrudin N, Hastuti, A, Andriani A, Widyarini S & Nurrohmad A. 2015. Study on the Antiinflammatory Activity of Artocarpus altilis Leaves Extract in Mice. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 7: 1080–1085.
Harvey D, 1999, Modern Analytical Chemistry, McGrawHill, USA.
Indrowati M & Ariyanto J. 2012. Kadar Kolesterol dan Trigliserida Darah pada Diabetes Melalui Perlakuan Ekstrak Daun Kluwih Artocarpus altilis Park. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS: 655–66.
Inoue M, Hitora Y, Kato H, Losung F, Mangindaan REP & Tsukamoto S. 2018. New geranyl flavonoids from the leaves of Artocarpus communis. Journal of Natural Medicines. 72(3):632-640.
Jiang H, Zou J, Cheng H, Fang J & Huang G. 2017. Purification, Characterization, and Mode of Action of Pentocin JL-1, a Novel Bacteriocin Isolated from Lactobacillus pentosus, against Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BioMed Research International. 2017:1–11.
Karahan F, Avsar C, Ozyigit II &Berber I. 2016. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Medicinal Plant Glycyrrhiza glabra var . glandulifera from Different Habitats. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2818:1–8.
Laware SL. 2015. Sequential Extraction of Plant Metabolites. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 4: 33–38.
Madduluri S, Babu K & Sitram B. 2013. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of five indigenous plants extract against five bacterial pathogens of human. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. 5: 679–684.
Mohamedkassm N, Fessehaye N, Mebrahtu D, Teaghes K, Fessehaye Y, Kaushik A & Medhanie G. 2013. The Ethno-botanic Significance and Antimicrobial Activities of Two Plant Extracts used in Eritrea. American Journal of
Phytomedicine and Clinical Thereutics. 1:520–529.
Nielsen SS. 2010. Food Analysis. Springer.
Permata DA & Asben A. 2017. Karakteristik dan Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Kering Daun Kluwih dari Posisi Daun yang Berbeda. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas. 21: 79–85.
Prabhavathi RM, Prasad MP & Jayaramu M. 2016. Studies on Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Cissus quadrangularis. Plagia Research Library. 7: 11–17.
Rajesh KD, Vasantha S, Rajesh NV & Panneerselvam A. 2014. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis in four pteridophytes. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Review and Research. 27: 408–412.
Ropac D. 2005. An Outbreak of Food Poisoning in a Kindergarten caused by Milk Powder containing toxigenic Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Archiv für lebensmittelhygiene. 56: 1–24.
Sikarwar MS, Hui BJ, Subramaniam K, Valeisamy BD & Yean LK. 2014. A Review on Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (breadfruit). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 4: 91–97.
Sogandi, Darma WST & Jannah R. 2019. Potensi Senyawa Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Akar Manis (Glycyrrhiza glabra L) terhadap Bacillus cereus. Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Aplikasi. 22(4):105-111.
Sogandi, Mustopa AZ, Artika IM & Budiarto BR. 2015. Inhibitory Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum U10 Isolated from Tempoyak (Fermented Durian) Made in Indonesia against Salmonella typhi. Microbiol Indones. 9:73–81.
Sogandi & Nilasari P. 2019. Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) dan Potensinya sebagai Inhibitor Karies Gigi. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia. 9:73–81.
Sugumaran P, Kowsalya N, Karthic R & Seshadri S. 2013. Biomass Production and Antibacterial Activity of JusticiaGendarussa : A Valuable Medicinal Plant. The Journal of Tropical Life Science. 3: 8–13.
Suhendar U, Fathurrahman M, & Sogandi. 2019. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanismof Action of Methanol Extractfrom Kasturi Mango Fruit (Mangifera casturi) on Caries-CausingBacterium Streptococcus mutans. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi. 22(6): 235-241.
Susanti WE & Sunarsih E. 2016. Determinan Kejadian Diare pada Anak Balita Di Indonesia (Analisis Lanjut Data SDKI 2012). Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat. 7: 64–72.
Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G & Kaur H. 2011. Phytochemical screening and Extraction: A Review. Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia. 1:98106.
Ukoha PO, Cemaluk EAC, Nnamdi OL & Madus EP. 2011. Tannins and other phytochemical of the Samanaea saman pods and their antimicrobial activities. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 5: 237–244.
Vianney YM, Amanda N, Pieknell K, Johan CW & Hardjo PH. 2018. Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of breadnut (Artocarpus camansi Blanco ) leaf extracts. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 9:151–159.
Vigneshwaran V, Somegowda M & Pramod SN. 2014. Pharmacological Evaluation of Analgesic and Antivenom Potential from the Leaves of Folk Medicinal Plant Lobelia nicotianae folia. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics. 2:1404–1415.
Yigit D. 2017. Antifungal Activity of Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) Against. Clinical Candida Isolates. Journal of Science and Technology. 10: 196–202.
Yulianti D, Susilo B & Yulianingsih R. 2014. Pengaruh Lama Ekstraksi dan Konsentrasi Pelarut Etanol terhadap Sifat Fisika-Kimia Ekstrak Daun Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni M) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). Jurnal Bioproses Komoditas Tropis. 2:35–41.
AOAC International. 1990. AOAC: Agricultural Chemicals; Contaminants; Drugs. AOAC: Official Methods of Analysis. 1.
Arif M, Rahman N & Supriadi S. 2018. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Buah Kluwih (Artocarpus communis). Jurnal Akademika Kimia 7:85.
Banu KS & Cathrine L. 2015. General Techniques Involved in Phytochemical Analysis. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science. 2:25–32.
Chan S, Popplewell W, Henrich C, Linehan W, Bottaro D, Mcmahon J, Mckee T &Gustafson K. 2013. Isolation and Identification of Natural Products from Artocarpus communis. Planta Medica. 79.
Davis WW & Stout TR. 1971. Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Assay. Applied Microbiology 22: 666–670.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. 2000. Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat.
Durniawati E. 2015. Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Tunas Bambu Apus Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus Secara Invitro. Jurnal Wiyata. 2:193–199.
Eryuda F &Soleha TU. 2016. Ekstrak Daun Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi) dalam Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus. Majority. 5: 71–75.
Fakhrudin N, Hastuti, A, Andriani A, Widyarini S & Nurrohmad A. 2015. Study on the Antiinflammatory Activity of Artocarpus altilis Leaves Extract in Mice. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 7: 1080–1085.
Harvey D, 1999, Modern Analytical Chemistry, McGrawHill, USA.
Indrowati M & Ariyanto J. 2012. Kadar Kolesterol dan Trigliserida Darah pada Diabetes Melalui Perlakuan Ekstrak Daun Kluwih Artocarpus altilis Park. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Biologi FKIP UNS: 655–66.
Inoue M, Hitora Y, Kato H, Losung F, Mangindaan REP & Tsukamoto S. 2018. New geranyl flavonoids from the leaves of Artocarpus communis. Journal of Natural Medicines. 72(3):632-640.
Jiang H, Zou J, Cheng H, Fang J & Huang G. 2017. Purification, Characterization, and Mode of Action of Pentocin JL-1, a Novel Bacteriocin Isolated from Lactobacillus pentosus, against Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BioMed Research International. 2017:1–11.
Karahan F, Avsar C, Ozyigit II &Berber I. 2016. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Medicinal Plant Glycyrrhiza glabra var . glandulifera from Different Habitats. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment. 2818:1–8.
Laware SL. 2015. Sequential Extraction of Plant Metabolites. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 4: 33–38.
Madduluri S, Babu K & Sitram B. 2013. In vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of five indigenous plants extract against five bacterial pathogens of human. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. 5: 679–684.
Mohamedkassm N, Fessehaye N, Mebrahtu D, Teaghes K, Fessehaye Y, Kaushik A & Medhanie G. 2013. The Ethno-botanic Significance and Antimicrobial Activities of Two Plant Extracts used in Eritrea. American Journal of
Phytomedicine and Clinical Thereutics. 1:520–529.
Nielsen SS. 2010. Food Analysis. Springer.
Permata DA & Asben A. 2017. Karakteristik dan Senyawa Bioaktif Ekstrak Kering Daun Kluwih dari Posisi Daun yang Berbeda. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas. 21: 79–85.
Prabhavathi RM, Prasad MP & Jayaramu M. 2016. Studies on Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Cissus quadrangularis. Plagia Research Library. 7: 11–17.
Rajesh KD, Vasantha S, Rajesh NV & Panneerselvam A. 2014. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis in four pteridophytes. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Review and Research. 27: 408–412.
Ropac D. 2005. An Outbreak of Food Poisoning in a Kindergarten caused by Milk Powder containing toxigenic Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis. Archiv für lebensmittelhygiene. 56: 1–24.
Sikarwar MS, Hui BJ, Subramaniam K, Valeisamy BD & Yean LK. 2014. A Review on Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (breadfruit). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 4: 91–97.
Sogandi, Darma WST & Jannah R. 2019. Potensi Senyawa Antibakteri dari Ekstrak Akar Manis (Glycyrrhiza glabra L) terhadap Bacillus cereus. Jurnal Kimia Sains Dan Aplikasi. 22(4):105-111.
Sogandi, Mustopa AZ, Artika IM & Budiarto BR. 2015. Inhibitory Activity of Lactobacillus plantarum U10 Isolated from Tempoyak (Fermented Durian) Made in Indonesia against Salmonella typhi. Microbiol Indones. 9:73–81.
Sogandi & Nilasari P. 2019. Identifikasi Senyawa Aktif Ekstrak Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) dan Potensinya sebagai Inhibitor Karies Gigi. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia. 9:73–81.
Sugumaran P, Kowsalya N, Karthic R & Seshadri S. 2013. Biomass Production and Antibacterial Activity of JusticiaGendarussa : A Valuable Medicinal Plant. The Journal of Tropical Life Science. 3: 8–13.
Suhendar U, Fathurrahman M, & Sogandi. 2019. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanismof Action of Methanol Extractfrom Kasturi Mango Fruit (Mangifera casturi) on Caries-CausingBacterium Streptococcus mutans. Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi. 22(6): 235-241.
Susanti WE & Sunarsih E. 2016. Determinan Kejadian Diare pada Anak Balita Di Indonesia (Analisis Lanjut Data SDKI 2012). Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat. 7: 64–72.
Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G & Kaur H. 2011. Phytochemical screening and Extraction: A Review. Internationale Pharmaceutica Sciencia. 1:98106.
Ukoha PO, Cemaluk EAC, Nnamdi OL & Madus EP. 2011. Tannins and other phytochemical of the Samanaea saman pods and their antimicrobial activities. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 5: 237–244.
Vianney YM, Amanda N, Pieknell K, Johan CW & Hardjo PH. 2018. Evaluation of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of breadnut (Artocarpus camansi Blanco ) leaf extracts. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources. 9:151–159.
Vigneshwaran V, Somegowda M & Pramod SN. 2014. Pharmacological Evaluation of Analgesic and Antivenom Potential from the Leaves of Folk Medicinal Plant Lobelia nicotianae folia. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics. 2:1404–1415.
Yigit D. 2017. Antifungal Activity of Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) Against. Clinical Candida Isolates. Journal of Science and Technology. 10: 196–202.
Yulianti D, Susilo B & Yulianingsih R. 2014. Pengaruh Lama Ekstraksi dan Konsentrasi Pelarut Etanol terhadap Sifat Fisika-Kimia Ekstrak Daun Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni M) dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). Jurnal Bioproses Komoditas Tropis. 2:35–41.
Published
2020-07-03
How to Cite
SOGANDI, Sogandi; AMELIA, Amelia.
Antibacterial Potency from Ethanol Extract Leaves of Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi Blanco) against Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus subtilis.
Jurnal ILMU DASAR, [S.l.], v. 21, n. 2, p. 105-114, july 2020.
ISSN 2442-5613.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JID/article/view/11568>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jid.v21i2.11568.
Issue
Section
General
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
