Mengganti Kerugian Ekologi melalui Perspektif Pidana Denda

  • Fiska Maulidian Nugroho Universitas Jember

Abstract

The pattern of punishment through fines is not widely discussed, especially for law enforcement in the natural resources regime. Fines are always formulated together with other criminal threats, namely imprisonment because of its nature as a form of basic punishment. However, when the fine punishment is faced with acts that cause natural resources losses, the fine punishment has not been seen as a frightening threat or even more deterrent. Therefore, it is important to have a legal concept in a criminal perspective as a replacement for ecological damage. The purpose of this research is to find out the extent of criminal fines and its development, along with an in-depth analysis of criminal fines imposed on corporations to recover ecological losses in the future. This research method uses dogmatic legal research, which is based on literature review, policy, and current knowledge. The results of the discussion of this research include, fines are still not too favoured to deter criminals whose actions are charged with the consequences of damage to natural resources. Criminal fines also need to be reformulated through the basis and perspective of ecological losses, so that the content of the use of ecological losses can be the basis for higher and more optimal criminal fines.

References

“10 Rancangan Strategi Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Baru Hadapi Tantangan Lingkungan Dan Efek Perubahan Iklim.” Accessed October 31, 2024. https://voi.id/berita/426630/10-rancangan-strategi-menteri-lingkungan-hidup-baru-hadapi-tantangan-lingkungan-dan-efek-perubahan-iklim.
Adji, Indriyanto Seno. “Administrative Penal Law: ‘Kearah Konstruksi Pidana Limitatif.’” In Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana Dan Perkembangannya Dewasa Ini. Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2014.
Afriyadi, Achmad Dwi. “Embat Emas 774 Kg dan Rugikan RI Rp 1 T, WNA China Dituntut 5 Tahun Penjara.” detikfinance. Accessed November 8, 2024. https://finance.detik.com/energi/d-7569933/embat-emas-774-kg-dan-rugikan-ri-rp-1-t-wna-china-dituntut-5-tahun-penjara.
Arief, Barda Nawawi. Kebijakan Hukum Pidana: Perkembangan Penyusunan Konsep KUHP Baru. Jakarta: Kencana, 2011.
ARIF, AHMAD. “Indonesia Sumbang 58,2 Persen Perusakan Hutan Tropis akibat Pertambangan.” kompas.id, September 13, 2022. https://www.kompas.id/baca/humaniora/2022/09/13/indonesia-sumbang-582-persen-perusakan-hutan-tropis-akibat-pertambangan.
BBC News Indonesia. “‘Di mana ada tambang di situ ada penderitaan dan kerusakan lingkungan’, nelangsa warga dan alam di lingkar tambang.” Accessed October 31, 2024. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-57346840.
Becker, Gary S. “Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach.” In Economic Analysis of the Law, edited by Donald A. Wittman, 1st ed., 255–65. Wiley, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470752135.ch25.
Handayani, Marsya M., and Syaharani. “KERTAS KEBIJAKAN: Peluang Pengelolaan Dana Pemulihan Dari Penyelesaian Sengketa Lingkungan Hidup.” Indonesian Center for Environmental (ICEL0, 2022.
Harahap, Agus Salim. “PENGATURAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) DI INDONESIA.” Lex Jurnalica 7, no. 3 (Agustus 2010).
kumparan. “Kemenkeu: PNBP 2024 Jaga Kelestarian Lingkungan dan Kualitas Pelayanan.” Accessed November 10, 2024. https://kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis/kemenkeu-pnbp-2024-jaga-kelestarian-lingkungan-dan-kualitas-pelayanan-21QzsxDq3dC.
Kusuma, Daffa Prangsi R. W., Fina Saputri Yanuari, and Rizki Iman Faiz Pratama. “Urgensi Integrasi Biaya Pemulihan Lingkungan Dalam Sanksi Pidana Denda.” Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia 8, no. 2 (2022): 287–309.
Lamintang, PAF, and Theo Lamintang. Hukum Penitensier Indonesia. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2010.
Lolangion, Feldy, Marselino Cristian Runturambi, and Jefry Kawuwung. “Menelaah Antroposentris Dalam Menyikapi Krisis Lingkungan Dari Perspektif Teologi Penciptaan.” Tumou Tou 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.51667/tt.v8i1.469.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum (Edisi Revisi). Revisi. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2016.
Moeliono, Tristam P., trans. Terjemahan Beberapa Bagian Risalah Pembahasan Wetboek van Strafrecht Dan Wetboek van Strafrecht Voor Nederlandsch Indië (KUHP Belanda Dan KUHP Indonesia). Jakarta Selatan: Institute for Criminal Justice Reform (ICJR), 2021.
Muladi, and Barda Nawawi Arief. Teori-Teori Dan Kebijakan Pidana. Bandung: Alumni, 1992.
Muthmainnah, Lailiy, Rizal Mustansyir, and Sindung Tjahyadi. “KAPITALISME, KRISIS EKOLOGI, DAN KEADILAN INTER-GENERASI : Analisis Kritis atas Problem Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup di Indonesia.” MOZAIK HUMANIORA 20, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 57. https://doi.org/10.20473/mozaik.v20i1.15754.
“Naskah Akademik Rancangan Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana) – RUU KUHP.” Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia (BPHN RI), n.d.
Pirmana, Viktor. “Riset: biaya lingkungan Indonesia nyaris seribu triliun setahun, ini 10 besar penyebabnya.” The Conversation, February 14, 2022. http://theconversation.com/riset-biaya-lingkungan-indonesia-nyaris-seribu-triliun-setahun-ini-10-besar-penyebabnya-176697.
Putri, Budiarti. “IPCC Ungkap Krisis Iklim Makin Nyata, Aksi Iklim Ambisius Dibutuhkan Sekarang.” Greenpeace Indonesia, March 22, 2023. https://www.greenpeace.org/indonesia/siaran-pers/56254/ipcc-ungkap-krisis-iklim-makin-nyata-aksi-iklim-ambisius-dibutuhkan-sekarang/.
Rachmawati, Ayudya Rizqi, Ajeng Pramesthy Kusuma, and Ferdiansyah Putra Manggala. “Kewajiban Hukum Perusahan Tambang Dalam Penyedian Fasilitas Smelter Sebagai Upaya Mendukung Program Hilirisasi.” INICIO LEGIS 5, no. 1 (June 27, 2024): 65–75. https://doi.org/10.21107/il.v5i1.25899.
Reksodiputro, Mardjono. “TINDAK PIDANA KORPORASI DAN PERTANGGUNGJAWABANNYA: Perubahan Wajah Pelaku Kejahatan Di Indonesia.” In Asas Asas Hukum Pidana & Kriminologi Serta Perkembangannya Dewasa Ini. Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada: FH UGM dan MAHUPIKI, 2014.
Robinson, Elizabeth J. Z., Ajay M. Kumar, and Heidi J. Albers. “Protecting Developing Countries’ Forests: Enforcement in Theory and Practice.” Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research 2, no. 1 (January 14, 2010): 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390450903350820.
Rohmy, Atikah Mardhiya, Hartiwiningsih, and I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani. “Judicial Mafia and Ecological In-Justice: Obstacles to Policy Enforcement in Indonesian Forest Management and Protection.” Trees, Forests and People 17 (September 1, 2024): 100613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2024.100613.
Said, M.Yasir, and Yati Nurhayati. “Paradigma Filsafat Etika Lingkungan dalam Menentukan Arah Politik Hukum Lingkungan.” Al-Adl : Jurnal Hukum 12, no. 1 (January 26, 2020): 39. https://doi.org/10.31602/al-adl.v12i1.2598.
salwa@jadibumn.id. “Program CSR PT Freeport Indonesia - Intip Program CSR.” Jadi BUMN (blog), July 24, 2024. https://jadibumn.id/program-csr-pt-freeport-indonesia/.
Seprihadi, Hengki. “PP 36/2024 Soal PNBP Potensi Perusak Lingkungan Hidup dalam Jangka Panjang.” Cerinews.id (blog), October 6, 2024. https://www.cerinews.id/2024/10/06/pp-36-2024-soal-pnbp-potensi-perusak-lingkungan-hidup-dalam-jangka-panjang/.
Sjahdeini, Sutan Remi. Ajaran Pemidanaan: Tindak Pidana Korporasi & Seluk Beluknya. Jakarta: Kencana, 2017.
Sucahyo, Nurhadi. “Limbah Tailing Freeport Rusak Lingkungan, Hancurkan Kehidupan.” VOA Indonesia, February 1, 2023. https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/limbah-tailing-freeport-rusak-lingkungan-hancurkan-kehidupan-/6943257.html.
Tacconi, Luca, Rafael J. Rodrigues, and Ahmad Maryudi. “Law Enforcement and Deforestation: Lessons for Indonesia from Brazil.” Forest Policy and Economics, Assessing policies to reduce emissions from land use change in Indonesia, 108 (November 1, 2019): 101943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.05.029.
TBK, PT TIMAH. “Reklamasi Dan Rehabilitasi Pascatambang.” PT TIMAH TBK. Accessed November 9, 2024. https://timah.com/blog/keberlanjutan/reklamasi-dan-rehabilitasi-pascatambang.html.
Valerian, Dion. “Meretas Konsep Baru Pidana Denda terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi.” Jurnal Antikorupsi INTEGRITAS 05, no. 1 (n.d.): 1–19.
Wahyuni, Herpita, and Suranto Suranto. “Dampak Deforestasi Hutan Skala Besar terhadap Pemanasan Global di Indonesia.” JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan 6, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 148–62. https://doi.org/10.14710/jiip.v6i1.10083.
WALHI. “Darurat Ekologis,” January 28, 2021. http://www.walhi.or.id/darurat-ekologis.
Wasis, Basuki. “Penghitungan Kerusakan Ekologis dari Daya Rusak Pertambangan Sebagai Kerugian Negara. Calculation of Ecological Damage from Mining Damage as State Loss.” Workshop. Workshop “Penghitungan Kerugian Sosial Ekologis Akibat Daya Rusak Tambang Sebagai Kerugian Negara,” July 15, 2019.
Wijayanti, Nabila Kumala, Ulfa Adiranti, Amelia Siti Ariyanti, and Mohamad Djasuli. “Konsep dan Implementasi Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dalam Bisnis: Studi Literatur” 8, no. 3 (2023).
Wijayanto, Indung. “Kebijakan Pidana Denda di KUHP dalam Sistem Pemidanaan Indonesia.” Pandecta: Research Law Journal 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 248. https://doi.org/10.15294/pandecta.v10i2.4956.
Zulaiha, Aida Ratna, and Sari Angraeni. “Menerapkan Biaya Sosial Korupsi Sebagai Hukuman Finansial Dalam Kasus Korupsi Kehutanan.” Integritas : Jurnal Antikorupsi 2, no. 1 (Agustus 2015): 1–24.
Published
2024-11-21
How to Cite
NUGROHO, Fiska Maulidian. Mengganti Kerugian Ekologi melalui Perspektif Pidana Denda. Journal of Economic and Business Law Review, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 2, p. 156-178, nov. 2024. ISSN 2828-3198. Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JEBLR/article/view/53373>. Date accessed: 24 nov. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jeblr.v4i2.53373.