AKTIVITAS FISIK PADA REMAJA DENGAN KEGEMUKAN; SISTEMATIK REVIEW
Abstract
Kegemukan merupakan masalah yang serius di dunia, karena terus meningkat di semua negara sejak tahun 1980 - 2014 yaitu 5% - 11% pada pria dan 8% - 15% pada wanita, serta menyebabkan 3,4 juta orang meninggal dunia setiap tahunnya. Sementara di Indonesia kegemukan pada anak usia sekolah tahun 2018 masih tinggi yaitu 11,2% gemuk dan 4,8% obesitas pada usia 13-15 tahun, serta 9,5% gemuk dan 4% obesitas pada usia 16-18 tahun. Tinjauan literatur sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengkonfirmasi hasil penelitian sebelumnya dan menentukan tindakan apa yang perlu dilakukan khususnya mengenai kegemukan pada remaja. Metode kompilasi literatur menggunakan tinjauan sistematis, diperoleh dari database PubMed.gov, The BMJ, Cambridge.Core dan Google Scholar yang tersedia online dan diakses pada 25 November 2019 – 25 Januari 2020, yang berupa penelitian asli, diterbitkan sejak Desember 2014 – Desember 2019 tersedia teks secara lengkap, dengan kata kunci "Aktivitas Fisik dan Kegemukan Pada Remaja", intervensi dan/atau observasi, pada remaja laki-laki dan perempuan, rentang usia dalam kategori anak dan remaja. Setelah dilakukan pencarian dan skrining dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, diperoleh total 145 jurnal penelitian yang sesuai hingga pada akhir sejumlah 19 penelitian dianalisis secara sistematis, dengan tambahan 11 literatur dari Kemenkes RI, WHO dan beberapa penelitian terkait, sehingga total menjadi 30 literatur. Hasil tinjauan literatur ini menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak yang aktif secara fisik memiliki tingkat kebugaran jasmani dan status gizi yang lebih baik. Maka hendaknya anak-anak dan remaja diberikan lebih banyak kesempatan untuk melakukan aktivitas fisik, karena hal itu akan meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani dan menjaga status gizi anak di sekolah, sehingga secara sinergis dapat menekan tingginya angka kegemukan pada anak usia sekolah.
References
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21] Sainju NK et al (2016) Level of physical activity and obesity among the adolescent school children in Bhaktapur: A cross-sectional pilot study. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 5(No.2): 16 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JKMC/article/view/18411/14981
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23] Shah FJ et al (2019) Association of Dietary Habits, Physical Activity and Sedentary Life Style with Obesity in School Going Children and Adolescent of Peshawar. Journal of Saidu Medical College 9(No.1): 174 https://jsmc.pk/index.php/jsmc/article/view/174
24] Song Jie-Yun et al (2017) Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Modify the Association between Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene Variant and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents. Plos One https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170062
25] Souza C (2014) Media Screen time, Physical Activity and Nutrition for Childhood and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity in Aguas Zarcas, Costa Rica. UNED Research Journal / Cuadernos de Investigación 6(No.2): 181-186 https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/622/521
26] Stanisław HC et al (2017) Physical Fitness, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, or Diet—What Are the Correlates of Obesity in Polish School Children?. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14(No.3): 664 https://doi:10.3390/ijerph14060664
27] Tanjasiri SP, Lenny DW, Karen LM, and Archana ME (2018) Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Obesity among Pacific Islander Youth and Young Adults in Southern California: An Exploratory Study. Hawai Journal Of Medicine & Public Health 77(No.10) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6176268/pdf/hjmph7710_0251.pdf
28] Vandewater EA, Seoung EP, Emily TH and Hope MC (2015) Time with friends and physical activity as mechanisms linking obesity and television viewing among youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 12(Suppl 1):S6 https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1479-5868-12-S1-S6
29] Putri VR, Dudung A and Rachmanida N (2017) Konsumsi Fast Food, Soft Drink, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Kejadian Overweight Siswa SD Jakarta. IJHN: Indonesian Journal Of Human Nutrition 4(No.1). https://ijhn.ub.ac.id/index.php/ijhn/article/view/191
30] Watt TT, Louis A, Veronica L, Bianca F and Brittany L (2015) A Primary Care-Based Early Childhood Nutrition Intervention: Evaluation of a Pilot Program Serving Low-Income Hispanic Women. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 2(No.2): 537–547. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40615-015-0102-2
31] Rachel CW et al (2018) Effects of Before School Physical Activity on Obesity Prevention and Wellness. Am J Prev Med 54(No.4): 510–518 https://doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.017.
32] Winter MD et al (2018) Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns among Metabolically Healthy Individuals Living with Obesity. Hindawi Journal of Diabetes Research 18(No.8): https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7496768.
33] World Health Organization (2014) Global Status Report On Non-Communicable Diseases. Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. ISBN 97892 41564854.
34] Wulff H and Wagner P (2018) Media Use and Physical Activity Behaviour of Adolescent Participants in Obesity Therapy. Obes Facts 11(No.4): 307–317 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6189527/pdf/ofa-0011-0307.pdf
35] Zhu Z et al (2019) Physical activity, screen viewing time, and overweight/obesity among Chinese children and adolescents: an update from the 2017. BMC Public Health 19(No.19): 197 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6515-9.
2] Evans SCL (2014) Nutrition in early life and the programming of adult disease: a review. Journal Of Human Nutrition And Dietetics. https://sci-hub.se/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jhn.12212
3] Ferinawati and Mayanti S (2018) Pengaruh Kebiasaan Makan Dan Aktivitas Fisik Terhadap Kejadian Obesitas Pada Remaja Di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Kecamatan Kota Juang Kabupaten Bireuen. Journal Of Healthcare Technology And Medicine 4(No.2) https://jurnal.uui.ac.id/index.php/JHTM/article/view/213/48
4] Fletcher EA et al (2018) Associations between sedentary behaviours and dietary intakes among adolescents. Public Health Nutrition. 21(No.6): 1115–1122 https://doi:10.1017/S136898001700372X.
5] Fradkin C (2016) Regular physical activity has differential association with reduced obesity among diverse youth in the United States. Journal of Health Psychology https://doi:10.1177/1359105314559622.
6] Glinkowska B and Glinkowski WM (2018) Association Of Sports And Physical Activity With Obesity Among Teenagers In Poland. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 31(No.6): 771–782 https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01170.
7] Guerrero AD et al (2017) Differences in the Association of Physical Activity and Children’s Overweight and Obesity Status Among the Major Racial and Ethnic Groups of U.S. Children. Health Educ Behav 44(No.3): 411–420. https://doi:10.1177/1090198116667719.
8] Kartika S and Rahayu NS (2012) Perbedaan Pola Makan dan Aktivitas Fisik Antara Remaja Obesitas dan Non-Obesitas. Makara Kesehatan 16(No.1): 4550.
9] Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2013) Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
10] Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2014) Pedoman Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Kegemukan dan Obesitas Pada Anak Sekolah. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal bina Gizi & KIA.
11] Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2019) Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.
12] Kumala AM, Margawati A and Rahadiyanti A (2019) Hubungan Durasi Penggunaan Alat Elektronik (Gadget), Aktivitas Fisik Dan Pola Makan Dengan Status Gizi Pada Remaja Usia 13-15 Tahun. Journal Of Nutrition College. Https://Ejournal3.Undip.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Jnc/Article/View/23816
13] Melanie KB (2015) Motivational interviewing targeting diet and physical activity improves adherence to pediatric obesity treatment: Results MI Values RCT. Pediatr Obes 10(No.2): 118–125. https://doi:10.1111/j.2047-6310.2014.226.x.
14] Miko A and Pratiwi M (2017) Hubungan Pola Makan & Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Obesitas Mahasiswa Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Aceh. Jurnal AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal 2(No.1): 1-5 http://ejournal.poltekkesaceh.ac.id/index.php/an/article/view/29/24
15] Moon JY et al (2017) Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Genetic Predisposition to Obesity in U.S. Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Diabetes 19(No.66): 3001–3012 | https://doi.org/10.2337/db17-0573.
16] Natasha N (2018) Adolescent Girls' Nutrition and Physical Activity Habits by Grade, Obesity, and Race/Ethnicity. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations
17] Pastucha D, Jana M, Stanislav H, Jana P and Petr K (2015) Effect Of Physical Activity In Treatment Of Paediatric Obesity. Cent Eur J Public Health 23(Suppl): S57–S61 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26849545/
18] Ramezankhani A, Elahe T, Mahin G, Masoumeh A, Seyedeh SD, Zabihollah G (2016) Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls and their Perceptions of Obesity Prevention in Shahr-e Kord, Iran. Int Journal of Pediatrics 4(No.8): 3249-3269 https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_7320_dac5d8054fd9df2316b7662ddd117175.pdf
19] Riswanti S and Bambang BR (2017) Pola Konsumsi Fast Food, Aktivitas Fisik dan Faktor Keturunan Terhadap Kejadian Obesitas (Studi Kasus pada Siswa SD N.01 Tonjong Kabupaten Brebes). Public Health Perspesctive Journal https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/phpj/article/view/13787
20] Emilia and Cilmiyati R (2020) Konseling Gizi, Aktifitas Fisik dan Asupan Makanan Terhadap Penurunan BB Remaja SMA Kegemukan. Pontianak Nutrition Journal 3(No.1): http://ejournal.poltekkes-pontianak.ac.id/index.php/PNJ/article/view/624
21] Sainju NK et al (2016) Level of physical activity and obesity among the adolescent school children in Bhaktapur: A cross-sectional pilot study. Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 5(No.2): 16 https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JKMC/article/view/18411/14981
22] Sardinha L.B, Marques A, Martins S, Palmeira A and Minderico C (2014). Fitness, fatness, and academic performance in seventh-grade elementary school students. BMC Pediatrics 15(No.14): 176 https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2431-14-176
23] Shah FJ et al (2019) Association of Dietary Habits, Physical Activity and Sedentary Life Style with Obesity in School Going Children and Adolescent of Peshawar. Journal of Saidu Medical College 9(No.1): 174 https://jsmc.pk/index.php/jsmc/article/view/174
24] Song Jie-Yun et al (2017) Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Modify the Association between Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene Variant and Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents. Plos One https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0170062
25] Souza C (2014) Media Screen time, Physical Activity and Nutrition for Childhood and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity in Aguas Zarcas, Costa Rica. UNED Research Journal / Cuadernos de Investigación 6(No.2): 181-186 https://revistas.uned.ac.cr/index.php/cuadernos/article/view/622/521
26] Stanisław HC et al (2017) Physical Fitness, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, or Diet—What Are the Correlates of Obesity in Polish School Children?. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14(No.3): 664 https://doi:10.3390/ijerph14060664
27] Tanjasiri SP, Lenny DW, Karen LM, and Archana ME (2018) Physical Activity, Nutrition, and Obesity among Pacific Islander Youth and Young Adults in Southern California: An Exploratory Study. Hawai Journal Of Medicine & Public Health 77(No.10) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6176268/pdf/hjmph7710_0251.pdf
28] Vandewater EA, Seoung EP, Emily TH and Hope MC (2015) Time with friends and physical activity as mechanisms linking obesity and television viewing among youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 12(Suppl 1):S6 https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1479-5868-12-S1-S6
29] Putri VR, Dudung A and Rachmanida N (2017) Konsumsi Fast Food, Soft Drink, Aktivitas Fisik, dan Kejadian Overweight Siswa SD Jakarta. IJHN: Indonesian Journal Of Human Nutrition 4(No.1). https://ijhn.ub.ac.id/index.php/ijhn/article/view/191
30] Watt TT, Louis A, Veronica L, Bianca F and Brittany L (2015) A Primary Care-Based Early Childhood Nutrition Intervention: Evaluation of a Pilot Program Serving Low-Income Hispanic Women. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 2(No.2): 537–547. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40615-015-0102-2
31] Rachel CW et al (2018) Effects of Before School Physical Activity on Obesity Prevention and Wellness. Am J Prev Med 54(No.4): 510–518 https://doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.017.
32] Winter MD et al (2018) Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns among Metabolically Healthy Individuals Living with Obesity. Hindawi Journal of Diabetes Research 18(No.8): https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7496768.
33] World Health Organization (2014) Global Status Report On Non-Communicable Diseases. Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. ISBN 97892 41564854.
34] Wulff H and Wagner P (2018) Media Use and Physical Activity Behaviour of Adolescent Participants in Obesity Therapy. Obes Facts 11(No.4): 307–317 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6189527/pdf/ofa-0011-0307.pdf
35] Zhu Z et al (2019) Physical activity, screen viewing time, and overweight/obesity among Chinese children and adolescents: an update from the 2017. BMC Public Health 19(No.19): 197 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6515-9.
Published
2022-06-27
How to Cite
JEKI, Andicha Gustra; ISNAINI, Ike Fitria.
AKTIVITAS FISIK PADA REMAJA DENGAN KEGEMUKAN; SISTEMATIK REVIEW.
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, [S.l.], v. 18, n. 2, p. 117-126, june 2022.
ISSN 2684-7035.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/IKESMA/article/view/24902>. Date accessed: 19 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v18i1.24902.
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