EFFECTS OF ROBUSTA COFFEE BEAN EXTRACT (Coffea robusta) ON THE VIABILITY OF NEUTROPHILS EXPOSED BY Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract

The new paradigm evolving today in the
treatment of periodontal infection is the use a host
modulator therapy i.e. therapy that aims to improve
the host immune response to bacterial infection.
Good immune response is necessary in increasing
the phagocytic function that in this case is played by
neutrophil cells, monocytes and macrophages, which
served as the first line of defense against bacterial
infections. One of the bacteria causing periodontal
infection is P. gingivalis. It has the biggest role in
causing periodontal disease, where in the proteolytic
enzyme such as gingipain contributes to the
bacterial pathogenicity.1, 2 During the initial invasion
P. gingivalis will colonize the gingival sulcus and
invade into the gingival tissues and will induce an
inflammatory response and continue to alveolar
bone resorption.3
The immune response that acts first against
invading bacteria is neutrophils. The presence of
bacterial adhesion to neutrophils allows neutrophils
secrete microbicidal substance by destroying the
bacterial membrane and fagocyting bacteria. A
neutrophil can phagocyte bacteria before becoming
inactive or cell lysis. Phagocytosis that occurs can
affect the lysis of neutrophils. This can emerge very
fatal impacts because if the neutrophils undergo lysis
then chemical components and enzymes may break
into the tissue leading to degradation of various
organic molecules of its adjacent tissue.4 Nowdays
Indonesia has developed a lot of research on
medicinal plants, such as Robusta coffee beans.
Robusta coffee beans naturally have substances such
as caffeine, phenolic compounds, trigonellin and
chlorogenic acid which have antibacterial activity.
Besides as antibacterial chlorogenic it also has
antioxidant properties.5 Based on the above
background, the researchers want to develop
Robusta coffee beans as host modulator therapy to
maintain the viability of neutrophils by observing
neutrophil cell viability against P. gingivalis applied
by Robusta coffee bean extract which will be useful
for preventing periodontal tissue infections of the
oral cavity.