Emansipasi: Konstruksi identitas dalam kuasa negara dan agama, kajian poskolonial terhadap novel Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk

Abu Bakar Ramadhan Muhamad

doi:10.19184/semiotika.v25i2.53586

Abu Bakar Ramadhan Muhamad Universitas Jember

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/semiotika.v25i2.53586

Abstract

This article explores the power of the state and religion in constructing identity within the context of emancipation discourse, as depicted in Ahmad Tohari's Ronggeng Dukuh Paruk (RDP) trilogy—Catatan Buat Emak, Lintang Kemukus Dini Hari, and Jentera Bianglala (2003). The central assumption is that the hegemony of emancipation discourse represents a culturally postcolonial space. Emancipation, in this context, refers to the civilizing of marginalized groups, portrayed as "enlightened subjects" by other entities—the state and religion—which are presented as "the enlighteners" through the text. The novel, as a representation of modern culture, is understood to incorporate colonial discourse aimed at exerting control, particularly through the rhetoric of emancipation. This article employs postcolonial theory with a "travelling theory" method rooted in deconstruction. The application of this method aims to examine the ideological aspects of colonial discourse hegemony within narratives or texts concerning the power of the state and religion in identity construction—both as a continuing impact of colonialism and as resistance to it. The findings reveal that the RDP trilogy illustrates emancipation discourse through the power of the State and Religion in the context of 'civilization' and 'Divine Will.' However, this effort creates a paradox. On one hand, it offers a transformation toward a civilized life based on "Divine Will." On the other hand, it reinforces colonial stereotypes, positioning Dukuh Paruk's tradition as uncivilized. This ambiguity demonstrates that emancipation discourse remains trapped within colonial hierarchies of power. In postcolonial studies, emancipation discourse is thus understood as a postcolonial space related to civilizing projects through which the codification of language and the power of the state and religion (colonial) "control" the identity of marginalized groups via a series of semantic fields in the selected work.

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