A Review of Indonesian Nationality Law
Progress Toward the Achievement of SDGs For Every Child
Abstract
Stateless people are often denied access to the same rights and services as citizens. Furthermore, statelessness is often the result of discrimination against women, an issue that SDGs aim to address. This paper analyses how the Indonesian Nationality Law protects children at risk of statelessness. It also raises some legal challenges when applying the law with regards to the country's SDG achievements. Discussion of the nationality law in Indonesia is not new, but scrutinising it in connection to Indonesia's achievement of SDGs has yet to be carried out by other authors. This paper is legal research using statute and conceptual approaches. The study shows that by reforming its nationality law, the Indonesian Government has allowed women to confer their nationality on their children equally with men. However, some challenges related to the implementation of this new law and its regulations still have the potential to cause issues of discrimination and statelessness for Indonesian children, which relates strongly to the issues addressed by SDGs. Additionally, this paper will be useful for the development of constitutional law, especially human rights and nationality laws in Indonesia.
Keywords: Children’s Rights, Indonesian Nationality Law, Non-discrimination Principle, SDGs, Statelessness
References
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Marzuki, Peter Mahmud, Penelitian Hukum, revisi ed (Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2021).
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———, For Every Child , A Fair Chance: The Promise of Equity (New York, 2015).
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BAPPENAS, “Laporan Baseline SDG tentang Anak-Anak di Indonesia” (2017) Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas) dan United Nations Children’s Fund 1–105.
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Batchelor, Carol A, “Statelessness and the Problem of Resolving Nationality Status” (1998) 10:1–2 International Journal of Refugee Law 156–183.
———, “Transforming international legal principles into national law: The right to a nationality and the avoidance of statelessness” (2006) 25:3 Refugee Survey Quarterly 8–25.
Biggeri, Mario & Lucia Ferrone, “Child Sustainable Human Development Index (CSHDI): Monitoring progress for the future generation” (2022) 192 Ecological Economics 107266.
Black, Maureen M, Chessa K Lutter & Angela CB Trude, “All Children Surviving and Thriving: Re-envisioning UNICEF’s Conceptual Framework of Malnutrition” (2020) 8:6 The Lancet Global Health e766–e767.
Bücken, Luca & René de Groot, “Deprivation of nationality under article 8 (3) of the 1961 Convention on the reduction of statelessness” (2018) 25:1 Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 38–51.
Chayadi, Lynda, “Implikasi Hukum Atas Kedudukan Warga Negara Asing Sebagai Ahli Waris Untuk Hak Milik Atas Tanah” (2020) 7:2 Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum 159–168.
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Groot, Gerard René De, “Children, Their Right to a Nationality and Child Statelessness” in Alice and Laura van Waas Edwards, ed, Nationality and Statelessness Under International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2014) 144.
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Joslin, Courtney G, “Marital Status Discrimination” (2015) 95 Boston University Law Review 805–831.
Krieken, Peter van, “The High Commissioner for Refugees and Stateless Persons” (1979) 26:1 Netherlands International Law Review 24–36.
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———, “Good Practices Paper Action 7: Ensuring Birth Registration for the Prevention of Statelessness”, online: online: UNHCR.
———, I Am Here, I Belong: The Urgent Need to End Childhood Statelessness (UNHCR Geneva, Switzerland, 2015).
UNICEF, “Child-Related SDG Progress Assessment for Indonesia”, online: online: UNICEF Data
———, The state of the world’s children. Special edition, Statistical tables, by UNICEF (UN: The United Nations, 2009).
Marilyn Achiron, Nationality and Statelessness: Handbook for Parliamentarians No. 22 (Inter-Parliamentary Union; UNHCR, 2014).
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud, Penelitian Hukum, revisi ed (Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2021).
UNICEF, A Generation to Protect: Monitoring Violence , Exploitation and Abuse of Children Within the SDG Framework (New York, 2020).
———, For Every Child , A Fair Chance: The Promise of Equity (New York, 2015).
Albarazi, Zahra & Laura van Waas, “Towards the Abolition of Gender Discrimination in Nationality Laws” (2014) 46:May Forced Migration Review 49–51.
Baluarte, David C, “The risk of statelessness: reasserting a rule for the protection of the right to nationality” (2017) 19 Yale Hum Rts & Dev LJ 47.
BAPPENAS, “Laporan Baseline SDG tentang Anak-Anak di Indonesia” (2017) Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas) dan United Nations Children’s Fund 1–105.
Bardal, Kjersti Granås et al, “Factors facilitating the implementation of the sustainable development goals in regional and local planning—experiences from Norway” (2021) 13:8 Sustainability (Switzerland).
Batchelor, Carol A, “Statelessness and the Problem of Resolving Nationality Status” (1998) 10:1–2 International Journal of Refugee Law 156–183.
———, “Transforming international legal principles into national law: The right to a nationality and the avoidance of statelessness” (2006) 25:3 Refugee Survey Quarterly 8–25.
Biggeri, Mario & Lucia Ferrone, “Child Sustainable Human Development Index (CSHDI): Monitoring progress for the future generation” (2022) 192 Ecological Economics 107266.
Black, Maureen M, Chessa K Lutter & Angela CB Trude, “All Children Surviving and Thriving: Re-envisioning UNICEF’s Conceptual Framework of Malnutrition” (2020) 8:6 The Lancet Global Health e766–e767.
Bücken, Luca & René de Groot, “Deprivation of nationality under article 8 (3) of the 1961 Convention on the reduction of statelessness” (2018) 25:1 Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 38–51.
Chayadi, Lynda, “Implikasi Hukum Atas Kedudukan Warga Negara Asing Sebagai Ahli Waris Untuk Hak Milik Atas Tanah” (2020) 7:2 Jurnal Ilmiah Penegakan Hukum 159–168.
Doek, Jaap E , “The CRC and The Right to Acquire and to Preserve a Nationality” (2006) 25:3 (Nationality, and Reduction of Statelessness: International, Regional and National Perspectives) Refugee Survey Quarterly 26–32.
Groot, Gerard René De, “Children, Their Right to a Nationality and Child Statelessness” in Alice and Laura van Waas Edwards, ed, Nationality and Statelessness Under International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2014) 144.
Hailbronner, Kay, “Nationality in public international law and European law” (2007) Acquisition and Loss of Nationality: Policies and Trends in 15 European Countries 35–104.
Joslin, Courtney G, “Marital Status Discrimination” (2015) 95 Boston University Law Review 805–831.
Krieken, Peter van, “The High Commissioner for Refugees and Stateless Persons” (1979) 26:1 Netherlands International Law Review 24–36.
Prameswari, Zendy Wulan Ayu Widhi, “Ratio Legis dan Dampak Pengaturan Kewarganegaraan Ganda dalam Undang-Undang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia” (2019) 13:3 Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum 359–378.
Shaheen, Neda, “Discriminatory Nationality Laws Must Be Eliminated In Order To Eradicate Statelessness” (2018) 11 DePaul J Soc Just 1.
Stein, Jill, “The Prevention of Child Statelessness at Birth: The UNCRC Committee’s Role and Potential” (2016) 24:3 International Journal of Children’s Rights 599–623.
The Palestine Yearbook of International Law, Editors, “Annual Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and Reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General” in The Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online (Brill Netherlands, 2009) 265.
Ujvari, Blanka, “The Causes of Statelessness” (2017) Hungarian YB Int’l L & Eur L 105.
UNICEF, “A post-2015 world fit for children: Sustainable development starts and ends with safe, healthy and well-educated children” (2013) New York: UNICEF.
———, “Progress for Every Child in the SDG Era: Are we on Track to Achieve the SDGs for Children? The Situation in 2019” (2019) July.
Waas, Laura Van, “Addressing the Human Rights Impact of Statelessness in the EU’s External Action” (2014) Directorate-General for External Policies of the Union, Directorate B, Policy Department European Parliament< www europarl europa eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2014/534983/IPOL_STU (2014) 534983_EN pdf.
Bloom;, Tendayi;Bronwen Manby;Khadija Badri, Why Citizenship is Relevant to Sustainable Development : Considerations for the 2019 High Level Political Forum, by Tendayi;Bronwen Manby;Khadija Badri Bloom; (2019).
Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights; Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, Equal Nationality Rights for Sustainable Development, by Global Campaign for Equal Nationality Rights; Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion.
Harijanti, Bilal Dewansyah; Rahayu Prasetianingsih; Susi Dwi, Politik Hukum Kewarganegaraan, by Bilal Dewansyah; Rahayu Prasetianingsih; Susi Dwi Harijanti (2019).
Harijanti, Susi Dwi, Report on Citizenship Law: Indonesia, by Susi Dwi Harijanti (2017).
Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion, All About Statelessness: What Development Actors Need to Know, by Institute on Statelessness and Inclusion (2017).
Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Daftar Jumlah Anak Berkewarganegaraan Ganda berdasarkan Negara Ayah sesuai Pasal 41 Undang-Undang No 12 Tahun 2006 tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia, by Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia (2023).
OHCHR, The United Nations Human Rights Treaty System, by OHCHR (2012).
UNHCR, Background Note on Gender Equality, Nationality Laws and Statelessness, by UNHCR (2014).
———, “Good Practices Paper Action 7: Ensuring Birth Registration for the Prevention of Statelessness”, online: online: UNHCR.
———, I Am Here, I Belong: The Urgent Need to End Childhood Statelessness (UNHCR Geneva, Switzerland, 2015).
UNICEF, “Child-Related SDG Progress Assessment for Indonesia”, online: online: UNICEF Data
———, The state of the world’s children. Special edition, Statistical tables, by UNICEF (UN: The United Nations, 2009).
Published
2023-06-25
How to Cite
PRAMESWARI, Zendy Wulan Ayu Widhi; AGUSTIN, Erni; FELICIA, Stefania Arshanty.
A Review of Indonesian Nationality Law.
Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, [S.l.], v. 7, n. 1, p. 45-72, june 2023.
ISSN 2599-2147.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JSEAHR/article/view/35080>. Date accessed: 10 may 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i1.35080.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
