Old Wine in a New Bottle
Neoliberalism and Water Resources Law 2019 in Indonesia
Abstract
Resistance to neoliberal legal reforms has increased globally in recent decades due to the failure of water privatization to ensure affordable and sustainable water access in the global South. Referring to the 2004 and 2019 Water Resources Laws, this paper explores how, in the case of Indonesia, the law reproduces and normalizes neoliberal ideologies that frame water as an economic commodity. We argue that Indonesia's current legal regime governing water resources is based on populist rhetoric of fulfilling the human right to water through state management. However, the adopted water governance regime aims to facilitate the establishment of a climate conducive to private sector investment by shifting responsibility for the fulfillment of the human right to water from the state to a market-based allocation system. This paper examines the strategy adopted by the government in securing the water privatization agenda when dealing with judicial activism that requires water to be managed as a public good.
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———,The Constitution of Indonesia: A Contextual Analysis (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2012).
Butt, Simon, The Constitutional Court and Democracy in Indonesia (Leiden: BRILL, 2015).
Cheow, Eric Teo Chu, “Privatization of Water Services via Public-Private Partnership and Implications for Southeast Asia” in Poh Onn Lee, ed, Water Issues Southeast Asia Present Trends Future Dir (Singapore: ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute, 2012) 76.
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———, “Water justice struggles as a process of commoning” (2019) 54:1 Community Dev J 80–99.
Colbran, Nicola, “Piped Water in Jakarta: A Political, Economic or Social Good?” in Anna F S Russell & Malcolm Langford, eds, Hum Right Water Theory Pract Prospects (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017) 463.
Facal, Gabriel & Gloria Truly Estrelita, “Social Movements Facing Authoritarian-Style Neoliberal Governments: Comparative Positioning Towards Violence in Indonesia and France” (2020) 32:3 Humaniora 226–239.
Franco, Jennifer, Lyla Mehta & Gert Jan Veldwisch, “The Global Politics of Water Grabbing” (2013) 34:9 Third World Q 1651–1675.
Frianan, Hendra, “RUU SDA: Dinilai Bakal Hambat Investasi & Tak Sesuai Visi Jokowi”, (31 July 2019), online: tirto.id
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Furlong, Kathryn et al, “Rethinking water corporatisation: A ‘negotiation space’ for public and private interests, Colombia (1910-2000)” (2018) 11:1 Water Altern 187–208.
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Hadipuro, Wijanto, “Indonesia’s Water Supply Regulatory Framework: Between Commercialisation and Public Service?” (2010) 3:3 Water Altern 475–491.
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Kadir, MYa’kub Aiyub & Alexander Murray, “Resource Nationalism in the Law and Policies of Indonesia: A Contest of State, Foreign Investors, and Indigenous Peoples” (2019) 9 Asian J Int Law 298–333.
Kivilcim, Zeynep, “Articulating Human Rights Discourse in Local Struggles in a Neoliberal Age” in Ben Golder & Daniel McLoughlin, eds, Polit Leg Neoliberal Age (New York: Routlege, 2018).
KruHa, “Air Ada Dimana-mana, Tapi Terlalu Mahal untuk Dijangkau”, (2021), online: kruha.org
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Li, Tania Murray, “Commons, Co-ops, and Corporations: Assembling Indonesia’s Twenty-First Century Land Reform” (2021) 48:3 J Peasant Stud 613–639.
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Merdekacom, “Menteri Basuki: Swasta Boleh Kelola Sumber Daya Air, tapi Kepemilikan Tetap Negara”, (1 August 2019).
Mufti, Riza Roidila, “House Accommodates Business Aspirations in New Water Law”, (2019), online:
Muhtadi, Burhanuddin, “Jokowi’s First Year: A Weak President Caught between Reform and Oligarchic Politics” (2015) 51:3 Bull Indones Econ Stud 349–368.
Nurshafira, Tadzkia, “Swasta, Negara, dan Hak atas Air”, (2019), online:
Omara, Andy, Protecting Economic and Social Rights in a Constitutionally Strong Form of Judicial Review: the Case of Constitutional Review by Indonesian Constitutional Court (PhD dissertation, University of Washington, 2017) [unpublished].
Pebrianto, Fajar, “UU Sumber Daya Air Kembali Digugat ke Mahkamah Konstitusi”, (14 January 2021), online:
Pompe, Sebastiaan, The Indonesian Supreme Court, A Study of Institutional Collapse, by Sebastiaan Pompe (Ithaca: Cornell Southeast Asia Program, 2005).
Power, Thomas, “Jokowi’s Authoritarian Turn and Indonesia’s Democratic Decline” (2018) 54:3 Bull Indones Econ Stud 307–338.
PT Cekindo Business International, “Where to Invest: Water Treatment Sector in Indonesia”, (20 April 2021), online: Cekindo
PwC, Indonesian Infrastructure Stable Foundations for Growth, by PwC (Jakarta: PwC, 2016).
Ray, David & Lili Yan Ing, “Addressing Indonesia’s Infrastructure Deficit” (2016) 52:1 Bull Indones Econ Stud 1–25.
Robison, Richard, Indonesia:The Rise of Capital, Sydney (Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 1986).
Romero, Maria Jose, History RePPPeated How Public Private Partnership are Failing, by Maria Jose Romero (Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, 2018).
Salim, Tama, “Govt to Draft Rules to Fill Void in Water Management”, Jkt Post (2015), online:
Shidarta & Stijn Cornelis van Huis, “Between Revenues and Public Service Delivery SOEs and PSAS in Indonesia” (2020) 176:202 Bijdr Tot Taal- Land- En Volkenkd J Humanit Soc Sci Southeast Asia Ocean 304–337.
Stockmann, Petra, The New Indonesian Constitutional Court A Study into Its Beginnings and First Years of Work (Jakarta: Hanns Siedel Foundation, 2007).
Susanti, Bivitri, Neo-liberalism and Its Resistance in Indonesia’s Constitution Reform 1999–2002: A Constitutional and Historical Review of Indonesian Socialism and Neo-liberalism (Dissertation Master of Law, University of Warwick, 2002) [unpublished].
Talan, John Petrus et al, Tak Ada Rakyat dalam Omnibus Law/RUU Cipta Kerja Sebuah Kertas Kerja, by John Petrus Talan et al (Jakarta: Koalisi Rakyat untuk Hak atas Air, 2020).
Tansel, Cemal Burak, “Reproducing Authoritarian Neoliberalism in Turkey: Urban Governance and State Restructuring in the Shadow of Executive Centralization” (2018) 16:3 Globalizations 320–335.
Tempo, “Expert: Water Tariff in Jakarta Highest in South East Asia”, Tempo.com (11 January 2015).
Truswell, Emma, “Thirst for Profit: Water Privatization, Investment Law and a Human Right to Water” in Chester Brown & Kate Miles, eds, Evol Invest Treaty Law Arbitr (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011) 570.
UNESCO, The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020 Water and Climate Change, by UNESCO (Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cutural Organization, 2020).
Uruena, Rene, “Global Water Governance and the Rise of Constitutional Regulatory State in Colombia” in Navroz Dubash & Bronwen Morgan, eds, Rise Regul State South (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013) 27.
Venning, Philippa, “Determination of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights by the Indonesian Constitutional Court” (2008) 10:1 Aust J Asian Law 100–132.
Walhi, Tinjauan Lingkungan Hidup 2020 Menabur Investasi Menuai Krisis Multidimensi, by Walhi (Jakarta: Walhi, 2020).
Warburton, Eve, “Jokowi and New Developmentalism” (2016) 52:3 Bull Indones Econ Stud 297–320.
Wijaya, Trissia & Alvin Camba, “The politics of public–private partnerships: state–capital relations and spatial fixes in Indonesia and the Philippines” (2021) Territ Polit Gov 1–21.
World Bank, Water Supply and Sanitation in Indonesia Turning Finance into Service for the Future, by World Bank (Washington D.C: World Bank, 2015).
Wulansari, Husna Yuni & Tadzkia Nurshafira, “In Indonesia, Water can be a Public and Private Good”, (2019), online:
Published
2022-06-29
How to Cite
KOESWAHYONO, Imam; ANGGORO, Syahriza Alkohir; DAHLAN, Muhammad.
Old Wine in a New Bottle.
Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 26-54, june 2022.
ISSN 2599-2147.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JSEAHR/article/view/29084>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v6i1.29084.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
