Scrutinize the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC)
A Human Rights Critique on Defining Corruption and The Concrete Sanction
Abstract
Corruption has been dramatically undermining human rights, and there are some legal problems in the anti-corruption law regime. This reality is not only unlawful but also naturally unfair. Therefore, using historical comparative analyses, the article aims to demonstrate two problematic issues remaining in the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), which leave the threshold for human rights abuse and the smooth way to sustainable development, namely the absence of a precise definition of corruption and the absence of sanction provisions under the UNCAC. The article indicates the human rights undermining characteristic of corruption, the UNCAC's problems in coping with systematic corruption, which significantly violates human rights, and relevant scholarly doctrines supportive of the definability of corruption, especially the human-rights-based approach. The paper finally offers the standard definition of corruption under the Human-Rights Based Approach to cover systematic corruption that is sometimes lawful under domestic laws. Furthermore, this paper offers the systematic concrete sanction to make the Convention truly enforceable worldwide. In this regard, the roles of the International Criminal Court (ICC) should be taken into account to achieve a corruption-free society and sustainable development for humanity.
Keywords: Systematic corruption, UNCAC, human rights
References
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———. (2020). The Implications of Corruption for Social Rights. In C. Binder, J. A. Hofbauer, F. Piovesan, and A. Ú. Torres (Eds.), Research Handbook on International Law and Social Rights (pp. 355-374). Cheltenham Glos: Edward Elgar Publishing.
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docx#:~:text=Corruption%3A%20Black's%20L
aw%20Dictionary%20defines,contrary%20to%20the%20rights%20of
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and World Bank (2013). Integrating Human Rights into Development, Second Edition: Donor Approaches, Experiences, and Challenges (Washington, DC.: OECD Publishing).
Organization of American States. Inter-American Convention against Corruption. Retrieved May 22, 2021 from http://www.oas.org/en/sla/dil/inter_american_treaties_b-58_against_corruption.asp
Pearson, Z. (2013). An International Human Rights Approach to Corruption. In P. Larmour and N. Wolanin (Eds.). Corruption and Anti-corruption (pp. 30-61). Canberra: ANU Press.
Peters, A. (2018). Corruption as a Violation of International Human Rights. The European Journal of International Law, 29(4). pp 1251–1287. Retrieved May 22, 2021 from https://academic.oup.com/ejil/article-pdf/29/4/1251/27783450/chy070.pdf
Pope, S. J. (2010). Tradition and Innovation in Natural Law: A Thomistic Interpretation. In L. S. Cahill, H. Haker, and E. M. Metogo (Eds.), Human Nature and Natural Law (pp. 17-25). London: SCM Press.
Porta, D. D. and Vannucci, A. (2016). The Hidden Order of Corruption: An Institutional Approach: New Advances in Crime and Social Harm (New York: Routledge).
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Roy, K. (2012). Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Sayed, A. (2004). Corruption in International Trade and Commercial Arbitration (The Netherlands: Kluwer Law International).
Sitorus, L. E. (2011). State Capture: Is It A Crime? How The World Perceived It. Indonesia Law Review, 2(1). pp 147-170. Retrieved May 22, 2021 from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2141078
Stahl, F. J. (2020). Friedrich Julius, The Rise and Fall of Natural Law: Volume 1A of The Philosophy of Law: The History of Legal Philosophy (R. Alvarado, Trans.). (the Netherlands: WordBridge Publishing).
State of Maharashtra through CBI, Anti-corruption Branch, Mumbai v. Balakrishna Dattatrya Kumbhar. Paragraph 14. Criminal Appeal No. 1648. Supreme Court of India 9, SCR 601. at 602, October 15 2012
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U4 Anticorruption Resource Centre, (2017). UNCAC in a Nutshell. Retrieved May 22, 2021 from https://www.cmi.no/publications/file/3769-uncac-in-a-nutshell.pdf
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———. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Retrieved May 22, 2021 from https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
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Published
2023-08-31
How to Cite
KESIRANON, Kitjapat.
Scrutinize the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC).
Journal of Contemporary Sociological Issues, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 2, p. 133-157, aug. 2023.
ISSN 2775-2895.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JCSI/article/view/27775>. Date accessed: 22 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/csi.v3i2.27775.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
