The Human Rights Framework for Covid-19 Pandemic Recovery
A Sustainable Development Goals Insights
Abstract
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) contribute to the realization of economic, social, and cultural rights. However, the progress of these goals now faces a significant setback due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in Indonesia. This article discusses the impact of the social restriction policy, which results in setbacks in several goals that have further implications for fulfilling the rights to employment and social security. Also, this article elaborates on the role of the human rights approach in recovery efforts that the state must undertake due to the pandemic’s impact. By using the Maastricht Guidelines and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights as the theoretical framework, it can be concluded that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused setbacks in some of the realizations of the SDGs, particularly in economic, social, and cultural rights. These setbacks must be anticipated with recovery policies such as reform of the social security system and improving data collection system. Recovery efforts must be implemented promptly in a measured strategy to prevent the more fatal setbacks that lead to human rights violations.
Keywords: COVID-19, Human rights, SDGs
References
Antara. ‘KPK Tetapkan Mensos Juliari Batubara Tersangka Korupsi Bansos COVID’. Tirto, 2020. https://tirto.id/kpk-tetapkan-mensos-juliari-batubara-tersangka-korupsi-bansos-covid-f7NC.
Badan Pusat Statistik. ‘Berita Resmi Statistik No.13/02/Th. XXIV: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Triwulan IV-2020’. Jakarta, 2021.
———. ‘Berita Resmi Statistik: Profil Kemiskinan Di Indonesia September 2020’. Jakarta, 2020.
———. ‘Buletin Resmi Statistik Keadaan Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia Februari 2021’ 19, no. 37 (2021).
———. Keadaan Pekerja Di Indonesia Agustus 2020. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020.
Barany, Lestary J, Indira Simanjuntak, Dewa Ayu Widia, and Yose Rizal Damuri. ‘Bantuan Sosial Ekonomi Di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19 : Sudahkah Menjaring Sesuai Sasaran ?’ Centre for Strategic and International Studies Commentaries ECON-002-I (2020).
Bernie, Mohammad. ‘Nestapa Buruh: Terus Dipaksa Kerja Kala COVID-19 Kian Menggila’. Tirto, 2021. https://tirto.id/nestapa-buruh-terus-dipaksa-kerja-kala-covid-19-kian-menggila-ghT5.
CESCR. CESCR General Comment No. 3: The Nature of States Parties’ Obligations (Art. 2, Para. 1, of the Covenant) (1991).
———. ‘General Comment No.18, E/C.12/GC/18, The Right to Work (Art.6)’, 2006.
———. ‘General Comment No.19, E/C.12/GC/19, The Right to Social Security (Art. 9)’, 2007.
Firdaus, Muhammad Syafari, Atikah Nuraini, Kurniasari Novita Dewi, Roichatul Aswidah, Sasanti Amisani, Eko Dahana, and J. Nunik Widianti. Pembangunan Berbasis HAM : Sebuah Panduan. II. Jakarta: Komnas HAM RI, 2013.
Frey, Diane F. ‘Economic Growth, Full Employment and Decent Work: The Means and Ends in SDG 8’. International Journal of Human Rights 21, no. 8 (2017): 1164–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2017.1348709.
Kaltenborn, Markus. ‘The Human Rights Framework for Establishing Social Protection Floors and Achieving Universal Health Coverage’. In Sustainable Development Goals and Human Rights, edited by Markus Kaltenborn, Markus Krajewski, and Heike Kuhn, 30–47. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30469-0_3.
Kementerian Keuangan. ‘Menkeu Jelaskan Jaring Pengaman Sosial Dalam Penanganan Covid-19 Pada IMF’, 2020. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/berita/menkeu-jelaskan-jaring-pengaman-sosial-dalam-penanganan-covid-19-pada-imf/.
Komnas HAM. ‘Buruh Terdampak COVID-19, Komnas HAM: Pemerintah Harus Cepat Dan Tepat’, 2020. https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/news/2020/4/23/1362/buruh-terdampak-covid-19-komnas-ham-pemerintah-harus-cepat-dan-tepat.html.
———. ‘Komnas HAM Kawal Capaian SDGs Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19’, 2020.
https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/news/2020/12/23/1635/komnas-ham-kawal-capaian-sdgs-pada-masa-pandemi-covid-19.html.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2017.
Ngadi, Ruth Meliana, and Yanti Astrelina Purba. ‘Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap PHK Dan Pendapatan Pekerja Di Indonesia’. Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia, 28 July 2020, 43. https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v0i0.576.
OHCHR. Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, 2011.
Pangastuti, Triyan. ‘Menkeu: Anggaran PEN Terserap 83,4%’, 2021. https://investor.id/business/menkeu-anggaran-pen-terserap-834#:~:text=JAKARTA%2C investor.id -- Kementerian,PEN Rp 695%2C2 triliun.
Putri, Cantika Adinda. ‘Jokowi: Pandemi Covid-19 Perburuk Capaian SDGs Indonesia’. CNBC Indonesia, 2020. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201217111048-4-209724/jokowi-pandemi-covid-19-perburuk-capaian-sdgs-indonesia.
Rattray, Sarah. ‘Human Rights and the SDGs - Two Sides of the Same Coin’. UNDP, 2019. https://www.undp.org/blogs/human-rights-and-sdgs-two-sides-same-coin.
Said, Ali, Windhiarso Ponco Adi Putranto, Riyadi, Putri Larasaty, Anna Kurniasih, Aprilia Ira Pratiwi, Valent Gigih Saputri, and Tika Meilaningsih. Hasil Survei Sosial Demografi Dampak COVID-19. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020.
Schutter, Olivier De. ‘COVID-19: UN Poverty Expert Says Social Protection Measures “Full of Holes”, Urges Global Rethink’. OHCHR, 2020. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26222&LangID=E.
———. ‘Global Fund for Social Protection: International Solidarity in the Service of Poverty Eradication, A/HRC/47/36’, 2021.
Sepúlveda, Magdalena, and Carly Nyst. The Human Rights Approach to Social Protection. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, 2012.
The Danish Institute for Human Rights. Human Rights and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Lessons Learned and Next Steps. Copenhagen: The Danish Institute for Human Rights, 2018.
United Nations. ‘SDG Indicator Metadata’, 2021.
———. ‘Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/70/1)’, 2015.
Yulianto, Totok, Julius Ibrani, Okti P. Zakaria, and Bonar Tua P. P. Pedoman Proses Pelaksanaan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Berdasarkan Prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia. Jakarta: INFID, 2019.
Badan Pusat Statistik. ‘Berita Resmi Statistik No.13/02/Th. XXIV: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia Triwulan IV-2020’. Jakarta, 2021.
———. ‘Berita Resmi Statistik: Profil Kemiskinan Di Indonesia September 2020’. Jakarta, 2020.
———. ‘Buletin Resmi Statistik Keadaan Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia Februari 2021’ 19, no. 37 (2021).
———. Keadaan Pekerja Di Indonesia Agustus 2020. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020.
Barany, Lestary J, Indira Simanjuntak, Dewa Ayu Widia, and Yose Rizal Damuri. ‘Bantuan Sosial Ekonomi Di Tengah Pandemi COVID-19 : Sudahkah Menjaring Sesuai Sasaran ?’ Centre for Strategic and International Studies Commentaries ECON-002-I (2020).
Bernie, Mohammad. ‘Nestapa Buruh: Terus Dipaksa Kerja Kala COVID-19 Kian Menggila’. Tirto, 2021. https://tirto.id/nestapa-buruh-terus-dipaksa-kerja-kala-covid-19-kian-menggila-ghT5.
CESCR. CESCR General Comment No. 3: The Nature of States Parties’ Obligations (Art. 2, Para. 1, of the Covenant) (1991).
———. ‘General Comment No.18, E/C.12/GC/18, The Right to Work (Art.6)’, 2006.
———. ‘General Comment No.19, E/C.12/GC/19, The Right to Social Security (Art. 9)’, 2007.
Firdaus, Muhammad Syafari, Atikah Nuraini, Kurniasari Novita Dewi, Roichatul Aswidah, Sasanti Amisani, Eko Dahana, and J. Nunik Widianti. Pembangunan Berbasis HAM : Sebuah Panduan. II. Jakarta: Komnas HAM RI, 2013.
Frey, Diane F. ‘Economic Growth, Full Employment and Decent Work: The Means and Ends in SDG 8’. International Journal of Human Rights 21, no. 8 (2017): 1164–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2017.1348709.
Kaltenborn, Markus. ‘The Human Rights Framework for Establishing Social Protection Floors and Achieving Universal Health Coverage’. In Sustainable Development Goals and Human Rights, edited by Markus Kaltenborn, Markus Krajewski, and Heike Kuhn, 30–47. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30469-0_3.
Kementerian Keuangan. ‘Menkeu Jelaskan Jaring Pengaman Sosial Dalam Penanganan Covid-19 Pada IMF’, 2020. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/berita/menkeu-jelaskan-jaring-pengaman-sosial-dalam-penanganan-covid-19-pada-imf/.
Komnas HAM. ‘Buruh Terdampak COVID-19, Komnas HAM: Pemerintah Harus Cepat Dan Tepat’, 2020. https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/news/2020/4/23/1362/buruh-terdampak-covid-19-komnas-ham-pemerintah-harus-cepat-dan-tepat.html.
———. ‘Komnas HAM Kawal Capaian SDGs Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19’, 2020.
https://www.komnasham.go.id/index.php/news/2020/12/23/1635/komnas-ham-kawal-capaian-sdgs-pada-masa-pandemi-covid-19.html.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2017.
Ngadi, Ruth Meliana, and Yanti Astrelina Purba. ‘Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap PHK Dan Pendapatan Pekerja Di Indonesia’. Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia, 28 July 2020, 43. https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v0i0.576.
OHCHR. Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, 2011.
Pangastuti, Triyan. ‘Menkeu: Anggaran PEN Terserap 83,4%’, 2021. https://investor.id/business/menkeu-anggaran-pen-terserap-834#:~:text=JAKARTA%2C investor.id -- Kementerian,PEN Rp 695%2C2 triliun.
Putri, Cantika Adinda. ‘Jokowi: Pandemi Covid-19 Perburuk Capaian SDGs Indonesia’. CNBC Indonesia, 2020. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20201217111048-4-209724/jokowi-pandemi-covid-19-perburuk-capaian-sdgs-indonesia.
Rattray, Sarah. ‘Human Rights and the SDGs - Two Sides of the Same Coin’. UNDP, 2019. https://www.undp.org/blogs/human-rights-and-sdgs-two-sides-same-coin.
Said, Ali, Windhiarso Ponco Adi Putranto, Riyadi, Putri Larasaty, Anna Kurniasih, Aprilia Ira Pratiwi, Valent Gigih Saputri, and Tika Meilaningsih. Hasil Survei Sosial Demografi Dampak COVID-19. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020.
Schutter, Olivier De. ‘COVID-19: UN Poverty Expert Says Social Protection Measures “Full of Holes”, Urges Global Rethink’. OHCHR, 2020. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=26222&LangID=E.
———. ‘Global Fund for Social Protection: International Solidarity in the Service of Poverty Eradication, A/HRC/47/36’, 2021.
Sepúlveda, Magdalena, and Carly Nyst. The Human Rights Approach to Social Protection. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, 2012.
The Danish Institute for Human Rights. Human Rights and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Lessons Learned and Next Steps. Copenhagen: The Danish Institute for Human Rights, 2018.
United Nations. ‘SDG Indicator Metadata’, 2021.
———. ‘Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (A/RES/70/1)’, 2015.
Yulianto, Totok, Julius Ibrani, Okti P. Zakaria, and Bonar Tua P. P. Pedoman Proses Pelaksanaan Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Berdasarkan Prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia. Jakarta: INFID, 2019.
Published
2023-08-31
How to Cite
LIMBONG, Ronny Josua; FITRI, Okta Rina.
The Human Rights Framework for Covid-19 Pandemic Recovery.
Journal of Contemporary Sociological Issues, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 2, p. 158-176, aug. 2023.
ISSN 2775-2895.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JCSI/article/view/27703>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/csi.v3i2.27703.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
