Security-Development Nexus
A Review of Nigeria's Security Challenges
Abstract
The article investigates the nexus between security and development in Nigeria. To do that, the article reviewed some security challenges in Nigeria and examined how they undermine the developmental aspiration of the country. Security of life and property is tied with the fundamental human rights partly because both security and freedom are indicators of development and partly because lack of individual and group freedom is squarely implicated on their ability to do everyday life activities within the context of all social structures- political, economic, socio-cultural, and religious. The paper adopted Conflict theory and Amartya Sen’s (1999) Development as Freedom thesis to explain the nexus between security and development in Nigeria. The article finds that there are different cases of security challenges in Nigeria, such as kidnapping, terrorism, cultism, political violence, and assassination of some serving and retired political leaders, as well as religious priests. The nexus between the two concepts is practical because the absence of security in a country will not allow a country to develop. The article concludes that the developmental challenges of Nigeria can be attributed to the myriad security challenges in the country. Thus, the article recommends that policy formulations on national development should not focus only on increasing GNP and GDP of the country’s economy as a strategy for development, but should design security measures as criteria for national development.
Keywords: Security, Development, Security Challenges, Security-Development Nexus
References
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Smith, Clifton, and David J. Brooks. Security Science: The Theory and Practice of Security. 1st edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013.
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World Report. ‘Nigeria: Events of 2020’. In World Report 2021. Human Rights Watch, 2020.
Abdullahi, S, A. ‘Fulani Herdsmen, Crime and the Human Security Problem in Nigeria’. In Borderless War: Terrorism and Security in Africa, edited by N. Ndukaeze, F. Attoh, and W. Adisa, 2017.
Abubakar, Mika, Saidu Tanko, and Aisha Abubakar. ‘The Impact of Insecurity on Foreign Direct Investments: Evidence for Nigeria’. Sokoto Journal of the Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (1 December 2017): 175–82.
Akinyetun, Tope Shola. ‘Poverty, Cybercrime and National Security in Nigeria’. Journal of Contemporary Sociological Issues 1, no. 2 (31 August 2021): 86–109.
Alloh, Folashade T, and Pramod R Regmi. ‘Effect of Economic and Security Challenges on the Nigerian Health Sector’. African Health Sciences 17, no. 2 (June 2017): 581–91.
Bello, Ibrahim, and Jamilu Mukhtar. ‘Media Influence on Terrorism: Analysis of Boko Haram as a Product of Postmodernism’. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization 59 (1 January 2017): 139–47.
Dike, Evelyn Obiageli. ‘Insecurity and Civil Society Response in Nigeria: A Historical Perspective and Its Implications for Peace and Development’. African Research Review 9, no. 4 (27 October 2015): 110–22.
Elliot, Jennifer A. ‘Development and Social Welfare/Human Rights’. In Companion to Development Studies, edited by Vandana Desai and Potter Robert. New York: Routledge, 2014.
EONS Intelligence. ‘Analysis of Nigeria Insecurity Challenges from June 2011 to June 2021’. Lagos, Nigeria, 2021.
Fayomi, Oluyemi. ‘Women, Poverty and Trafficking: A Contextual Exposition of the Nigerian Situation’. Journal of Management and Social Sciences, Spring 2009, 5, no. 1 (1 January 2009): 65–79.
Gasper, Des. ‘Ethnicity and Development’. In Companion to Development Studies, edited by Vandana Desai and Potter Robert, 459. New York: Routledge, 2014.
Gill, Martin. ‘Foreword’. In Security Science: The Theory and Practice of Security, edited by Clifton L. Smith and David J. Brooks, xiii–ix. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013.
Goulet, Denis. The Cruel Choice. A New Concept in the Theory of Development. New York: Atheneum, 1971.
Igbini, Mevayerore Daniel. ‘Insurgency in Nigeria: The Prognosis and Its Effects on the Nigerian Politics’. Journal of Danubian Studies and Research 10, no. 1 (24 September 2020): 440–61.
Igbuzor, Otive. ‘Strategic Oriented Policing’. Uyo: Akwa-Ibom State, 2010.
International Crisis Group. ‘Violence in Nigeria’s North West: Rolling Back the Mayhem’. Brussels, Belgium, 18 May 2020.
Jackson-Preece, J. Security in International Relations. London: University of London, 2011.
Jelilov, Gylych, Kemal Ozden, and Sotonye Orinaemi Briggs. ‘Impact of Insecurity on Investment in Nigeria’. Journal of Management, Economics, and Industrial Organization 2, no. 2 (31 July 2018): 41–61. https://doi.org/10.31039/jomeino.2018.2.3.3.
Katsina, Aliyu Mukhtar. ‘Nigeria’s Security Challenges and the Crisis of Development: Towards a New Framework for Analysis’. International Journal of Developing Societies 1, no. 3 (2012): 107–16.
Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. London: Communist League, 1848.
Muhammad, Suleiman Isyaku. The Regulatory Role of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps: Private Security Guard Company and Crime Prevention in Nigeria. USA: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2021.
Mukhtar, Jamilu Ibrahim, Suleiman Mohammed Isyaku, and Ibrahim Sani. ‘Poverty, Unemployment, and the Challenges of Security in Nigeria-The Nexus’. Journal of Political Inquiry 2, no. 2 (2016): 236–44.
Mukhtar, Umar, J Mukhtar, M Muhammad, and Muhammad Abdullahi. ‘Effects of Hurricane and Tornado on Socio-Economic Development’. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences 4, no. 4 (1 November 2014): 417–28.
Northover, P. ‘Development as Freedom’. In Companion to Development Studies, edited by Vandana Desai and Potter Robert. New York: Routledge, 2014.
Nwachukwu, Tochukwu Stephen, and Charles Nnamdi Olise. ‘Security Threats in Nigeria: A Thematic Exposition’. International Journal of Philosophy and Social Psychological Science 3, no. 1 (2017): 21–39.
Odoh, Rt, and Okechukwu Eme. ‘Role of the Youths in National Development’. Singaporean Journal of Business , Economics and Management Studies 3, no. 2 (1 September 2014): 164–81.
Okpaga, Adagba, Ugwu Chijioke, and Okechukwu Innocent. ‘Activities of Boko Haram and Insecurity Question in Nigeria’. Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 1, no. 9 (1 January 2012): 77–99.
Onime, Bright Enake. ‘Insecurity and Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Diagnostic Review’. European Scientific Journal 14, no. 4 (28 February 2018): 377–91.
Oyeshola, Dokun. Conflict and Context of Conflict Resolution. Ile-Ife: OAU Press, 2020.
Purpura, Philip P. Security: An Introduction. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.
Rotberg, Robert I. ‘Failed States, Collapsed States, Weak States: Causes and Indicators’. Foreign Affairs 81, no. 4 (2002): 127–40. https://doi.org/10.2307/20033245.
Segun, Mausi, and Amy Braunschweiger. ‘Interview: Life After Escaping Boko Haram’s Clutches’. Human Rights Watch, 27 October 2014.
Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor Books, 1999.
Smith, Clifton, and David J. Brooks. Security Science: The Theory and Practice of Security. 1st edition. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2013.
Stern, Maria, and Joakim Öjendal. ‘Mapping the Security—Development Nexus: Conflict, Complexity, Cacophony, Convergence?’ Security Dialogue 41, no. 1 (1 February 2010): 5–29.
Stewart, Frances. ‘Development and Security’, 28. Security and Development Workshop, 2004.
Sunday, Nwafor. ‘Niger Delta Militants Return, Vow to Destroy All Infrastructure in Lagos, Abuja’. Vanguard News, 24 February 2021.
UNICEF. ‘Every Child Learns: UNICEF Education Strategy 2019-2030’, 2020. https://www.unicef.org/media/63061/file/EdStrategy-2019-2030-CountrySolutions-Nigeria.pdf.
United Nation Development Programme. ‘Assessing the Impact of Conflict on Development in North-East Nigeria’. Abuja: UNDP, 2020.
Usman, Evelyn. ‘Crime Guard: Why We Don’t Kidnap Women ― Kaduna Bandit’. Vanguard News, 16 October 2021.
World Report. ‘Nigeria: Events of 2020’. In World Report 2021. Human Rights Watch, 2020.
Published
2022-02-23
How to Cite
MUKHTAR, Jamilu Ibrahim; ABDULLAHI, Ahmad Salisu.
Security-Development Nexus.
Journal of Contemporary Sociological Issues, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. 18-39, feb. 2022.
ISSN 2775-2895.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JCSI/article/view/25815>. Date accessed: 22 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/csi.v2i1.25815.
Section
Articles
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