Gender Stereotypes from A Management Perspective: A Literature Review
Abstract
Gender stereotypes are often assumed to limit the capacity to develop and make decisions. Gender stereotypes are also considered the main reason for the glass ceiling and maze effect. This study uses a literature review to synthesize gender stereotype research. A literature search was carried out with publication years limited from 2003 to 2023. The literature analyzed was collected from Scopus-indexed journals with the ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley Online Library, and Emerald Insight databases. This research synthesizes and analyzes 40 relevant articles focusing on discussing gender stereotypes. Based on the analysis results, men and women have different stereotypes. Men are considered superior in their characteristics. However, while gender stereotypes still hamper women, there are reasons to remain optimistic. When women are the targets of gender bias, it is not just them but the organizations where they work and society as a whole who suffer. Conclusions with limitations and recommendations for further research are included in the article.
References
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González, M. J. C., Cortina, C., & Rodríguez, J. (2019). The Role of Gender Stereotypes in Hiring: A Field Experiment. European Sociological Review, 35(2), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcy055
Haines, E. L., Deaux, K., & Lofaro, N. (2016). The Times They Are a-Changing . . . or Are They Not ? A Comparison of Gender Stereotypes , 1983 – 2014. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684316634081
Heilman, M. E. (2001). Description and Prescription : How Gender Stereotypes Prevent Women ’ s Ascent Up the Organizational Ladder. 57(4), 657–674.
Heilman, M. E. (2012). Gender Stereotypes and Workplace Bias. Research in Organizational Behavior, 32, 113–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.003
Heilman, M. E., & Chen, J. J. (2005). Same Behavior, Different Consequences: Reactions to Men’s and Women’s Altruistic Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(3), 431–441. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.3.431
Heilman, M. E., & Okimoto, T. G. (2007). Why Are Women Penalized for Success at Male Tasks?: The Implied Communality Deficit. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.81
Heilman, M. E., & Parks-stamm, E. J. (2007). Gender Stereotypes in the Workplace: Obstacles to Women’s Career Progress. Social Psychology of Gender, 47–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0882-6145(07)24003-2
Hentschel, T., Heilman, M. E., & Peus, C. V. (2019). The Multiple Dimensions of Gender Stereotypes: A Current Look at Men’s and Women’s Characterizations of Others and Themselves. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(JAN), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00011
Jonsen, K., Maznevski, M. L., & Schneider, S. C. (2010). Gender Differences in Leadership – Believing is Seeing: Implications for Managing Diversity. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 29(6), 549–572. https://doi.org/10.1108/02610151011067504
Jost, J. T., & Kay, A. C. (2005). Exposure to Benevolent Sexism and Complementary Gender Stereotypes : Consequences for Specific and Diffuse Forms of System Justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(3), 498–509. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.498
Juodvalkis, J. L., Grefe, B. A., Hogue, M., Svyantek, D. J., & DeLamarter, W. (2003). The Effects of Job Stereotype, Applicant Gender, and Communication Style on Ratings in Screening Interviews. The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(1), 67–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028963
Kaushik, N., Sharma, A., & Kaushik, V. K. (2014). Equality in the Workplace: A Study of Gender Issues in Indian Organisations. Journal of Management Development, 33(2), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-11-2013-0140
Khairi, A., Giatman, M., Maksum, H., Jalinus, N., & Abdulah, R. (2023). Menepis Stereotipe Gender Kepemimpinan Perempuan di Fakultas Keguruam dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 16(6), 2451. https://doi.org/10.35931/aq.v16i6.1689
Koburtay, T., Syed, J., & Haloub, R. (2019). Congruity between the Female Gender Role and the Leader Role: A Literature Review. European Business Review, 31(6), 831–848. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-05-2018-0095
Koenig, A. M., & Eagly, A. H. (2014). Extending Role Congruity Theory of Prejudice to Men and Women With Sex-Typed Mental Illnesses. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 36(1), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2013.856789
Krishna, A., & Orhun, A. Y. (2022). Gender (Still) Matters in Business School. Journal of Marketing Research, 59(1), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022243720972368
Kusterer, H. L., Lindholm, T., & Montgomery, H. (2013). Gender Typing in Stereotypes and Evaluations of Actual Managers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28(5), 561–579. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-01-2013-0012
Laela, E., & Azhari, S. C. (2023). Bibliometric Analysis: Patterns of Significance and Correlation in Consumer Satisfaction Research. Jurnal Bisnis & Kewirausahaan, 19(01), 81–94. https://doi.org/10.31940/jbk.v19i1.81-94
Latrofa, M., Vaes, J., Cadinu, M., & Carnaghi, A. (2010). The Cognitive Representation of Self-Stereotyping. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(7), 911 –922. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210373907
Latu, I. M., Mast, M. S., & Stewart, T. L. (2015). Gender Biases in (Inter) Action: The Role of Interviewers’ and Applicants’ Implicit and Explicit Stereotypes in Predicting Women’s Job Interview Outcomes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 39(4), 539–552. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684315577383
Lyness, K. S., & Heilman, M. E. (2006). When Fit is Fundamental: Performance Evaluations and Promotions of Upper-level Female and Male Managers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 777–785. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.777
Mella, P. (2022). In Every Organization, Gender Stereotypes Reduce Organizational Efficiency and Waste Productive Energy: A Systems Thinking Perspective. Kybernetes, 156–185. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-04-2021-0283
Merma-Molina, G., Ávalos-Ramos, M. A., & Martínez Ruiz, M. Á. (2022). Gender Stereotypes: Persistence and Challenges. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 41(7), 1112–1135. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-12-2018-0229
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Published
2024-07-23
How to Cite
ALISA, Juniar; LAELA, Ela; NURJANAH, Rita.
Gender Stereotypes from A Management Perspective: A Literature Review.
Journal of Feminism and Gender Studies, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 2, p. 1-18, july 2024.
ISSN 2775-8737.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/FGS/article/view/45136>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jfgs.v4i2.45136.
Section
Articles
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