PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PUPUK ORGANIK KASCING DAN HORMON GIBERELIN (GA3) TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN KUALITAS BUAH MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cucumber is a horticultural product which becomes one type of fruit vegetable and has a great demand in the community. The potential productivity of cucumber itself is still relatively low, that is in 2016 amounting to 10.19 tons / ha, this also occurs in the productivity of local cucumbers which are quite low, but until now there are still many cultivated by farmers in Jember area. In addition to the increase in production, it is also necessary to improve the quality of fruit which affects the competitiveness of the selling value of cucumber fruit. Regarding the increase in production and quality of fruit, the efforts need to be made to improve cultivation methods. One of them is the use of organic fertilizers which contain more complex nutrients and the application of plant regulators. One of the organic fertilizers, vermicompost organic fertilizer, is the result of decomposition by worms which affects plant growth and the application of gibberellins (GA3), it can improve fruit quality and increase the percentage of fruit formation. This study aimed to determine the effect of using the combination of vermicompost organic fertilizer and the addition of giberelin (GA3) on cucumber plants by using a randomized group design (RGD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was giving vermicompost organic fertilizer, namely (K0) 0 g/plant (control), (K1) 120 g/plant (3 tons/ha), (K2) 240 g/plant (6 tons/ha), (K3) 360 g/plant (9 tons/ha). The second factor was the addition of gibberellin concentrations (GA3), namely (G0) 0 ppm, (G1) 50 ppm, (G2) 100 ppm and (G3) 150 ppm. The data obtained were then analyzed using variance analysis, if between treatments had a significant difference, then further tests were carried out by using Duncan's Multiple Distance Test at the level of 5%. The best treatment ofvermicompost organic fertilizer dosage and giberelin hormone concentration was found in the treatment of 360 g/plant or 9 tons/ha (K3) at the optimal concentration of 100 ppm giberelin hormone.
Key words: Cucumber, Vermicompost fertilizer, Gibberellin (GA3), Production and Quality of Fruit
ABSTRAK
Mentimun merupakan produk hortikultura yang menjadi salah satu jenis sayuran buah yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat. Potensi produktivitas mentimun sendiri masih tergolong rendah yaitu pada tahun 2016 sebesar 10,19 ton/ha, hal ini juga terjadi pada produktivitas mentimun jenis lokal yang cukup rendah, namun sampai saat ini masih banyak dibudidayakan oleh petani pada daerah Jember. Selain peningkatan terhadap produksi, perlu juga dilakukan perbaikan kualitas buah yang berpengaruh pada daya saing nilai jual buah mentimun. Terkait peningkatan produksi dan mutu buah, maka perlu dilakukan upaya perbaikan cara budidaya. Salah satunya adalah penggunaan pupuk organik yang mengandung unsur hara yang lebih kompleks dan pengaplikasian zat pengatur tumbuhan. Salah satu pupuk organik yaitu pupuk organik kascing, yang merupakan hasil dekomposisi oleh cacing yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan aplikasi giberelin (GA3) yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas buah dan meningkatkan persentase pembentukan buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi penggunaan pupuk kascing dan pemberian hormon giberelin (GA3) pada tanaman mentimun, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama pemberian dosis pupuk kascing yaitu, (K0) 0 g/tanaman (kontrol), (K1) 120 g/tanaman (3 ton/ha), (K2) 240 g/tanaman (6 ton/ha), (K3) 360 g/tanaman (9 ton/ha). Faktor kedua pemberian konsentrasi giberelin (GA3) yaitu (G0) 0 ppm, (G1) 50 ppm, (G2) 100 ppm dan (G3) 150 ppm. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam, jika antar perlakuan mengalami perbedaan yang signifikan, maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan menggunakan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan pada taraf 5%. Perlakuan dosis pupuk kascing dan konsentrasi hormon Giberelin terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan 360 g/tanaman atau 9 ton/ha (K3) pada konsentrasi optimal hormon giberelin 100 ppm.
Kata Kunci: Mentimun, Pupuk Kascing, Giberelin (GA3), Produksi dan Kualitas Buah
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