Pseudo-judicial Review for the Dispute over the Result of the Regional Head Election in Indonesia
Abstract
In Indonesia, the Constitutional Court has the power to decide the dispute over the result of the national election, including that of the regional head election. In practice, the Constitutional Court exercises power with the so-called pseudo-judicial review for the result of the regional election dispute. This study aims to analyse the rationale of the Constitutional Court to implement a pseudo-judicial review over the regional head election result, given the judicial activism that also is limited to checks and balances. It also links the theoretical basis for rule-breaking and judicial activism by the Constitutional Court, the transition of the Constitutional Court's power in deciding regional election disputes from temporary to permanent, as well as further analysis of why the Constitutional Court needs to file a lawsuit for review. This study used legal research that examined legal principles and regulations with a theoretical approach analysed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that pseudo-judicial review affirms the legal breakthrough beyond ordinary decisions as this was made on the ground of the public interest. While the Constitutional Court is essential in maintaining and overseeing democracy in Indonesia, the rationale of the Constitutional Court under the public interest is justified as it is constitutionally correct that has led to judicial activism. A pseudo-judicial review is for substantial justice and can influence time efficiency.
Keywords: Constitutional Court, Judicial Review, Local Election Disputes.
References
Abadi, Suwarno, “Finality of Indonesian Constitutional Court Decision in Regard To Judicial Review” (2016) 28:1 Mimb Huk 174–185.
Angela F Randolph, Danna Greenberg, Jessica K Simon, William B Gartner, "Exploring Differences in the Antisocial Behaviors of Adolescent Rule-Breaking That Affect Entrepreneurial Persistence" (2022) 28:2 Int J Entrep Behav Res 471–499.
Ardiansyah, Ardiansyah & M Rafi, "The Role of Malay Culture in Maintaining the Neutrality of the Civil Servants: A Case Study of Local Election in Riau, Indonesia" (2022) 18:2 J Borneo Adm 111–124.
Armia, Muhammad Siddiq, “Constitutional Courts and Judicial Review: Lesson Learned for Indonesia” (2017) 8:No.1 J Negara Huk Membangun Huk untuk Keadilan dan Kesejaht 107–130.
Bima, Muhammad Rinaldy & Imran Eka Saputra, "Implication of the Constitutional Court Ruling on the Binding Character of the Election Organizer Ethics Council Decision" (2022) 2:6 Daengku J Humanit Soc Sci Innov 769–776.
Bura Datu, Atiqah Mumtazah Ameliah, "The Formulation of The Norm On Handling The Violation of Local Election" (2018) 3:32 Mulawarman Law Rev 15–29.
Busetto, Loraine, Wolfgang Wick & Christoph Gumbinger, "How to use and assess qualitative research methods" (2020) 2:1 Neurol Res Pract 1–10.
C Neal Tate, Torbjorn Vallinder, The Global Expansion of Judicial Power (New York: University Press, 1995).
Canon, Bradley C, "Defining the Dimensions of Judicial Activism" (1983) 66:6 Judicature 236–280.
Chalid, Hamid A, "Dualism of Judicial Review in Indonesia: Problems and Solutions" (2017) 7:3 Indones Law Rev 367–394.
Corwin, Edward S, "Marbury v. Madison and the Doctrine of Judicial Review" (1914) 12:7 Mich Law Rev 538–572.
Dahrendorf, Ralf, On Constitutional Democracy and Constitutions (Estonia: Juridica International, 2007).
Eddyono, Luthfi Widagdo, "The Constitutional Court and Consolidation of Democracy in Indonesia" (2018) 15:1 J Konstitusi 1–26.
Elven, Tareq Muhammad Aziz & Shalahuddin Ahmad Al-Muqorrobin, "Consolidating Indonesia's Fragile Elections Through E-Voting: Lessons Learned from India and the Philippines" (2021) 3:1 Indones Comp Law Rev 63–80.
Emy Hajar Abra, Rofi Wahanisa, "The Constitutional Court Ultra Petita as a Protection Form of Economic Rights in Pancasila Justice" (2020) 5:1 JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) 187–224.
François-Xavier Millet, Nicoletta Perlo, "The First Preliminary Reference of the French Constitutional Court to the CJEU: Révolution de Palais or Revolution in French Constitutional Law?" (2015) 16:6 Ger Law J 1471–1490.
Galligan, Brian, "Judicial Activism in Australia" in Judic Act Comp Perspect (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1991) 70.
Habibi, Muhammad & Achmad Nurmandi, "Electoral Manipulations and Fraud Political Contestation: The Case of Regional Head Election" (2021) 6:3 Polit Indones Indones Polit Sci Rev 360–374.
Henry Campbell Black, Bryan A Garner, Black's Law Dictionary (Minnesota: West Group, 1999).
Kartika, Adhitya Widya, "The Existence of Decision Norms of the Constitutional Court as a Source of Legislative and Executive Laws" (2019) 6:2 Lentera Huk 309–320.
Kelliher, Camden et al, “Unconstitutional Authority of Indonesia’s Constitutional Court: The Resolution of Pilkada Result Disputes” (2019) 18:3 Elect Law J Rules, Polit Policy 297–308.
Kmiec, Keenan D, "The Origin and Current Meanings of 'Judicial Activism'" (2004) 92:5 Calif Law Rev 1441–1477.
Kurnia, Kamal Fahmi, Tian Terina & Dinar Mahardika, The Authority of Constitutional Court in General Election Results: Is It Powerful or Meaningless? (Malang: Atlantis Press, 2020).
Laritmas, Selfianus et al, “A Constitutional Court Decision Has Final Law And Binding Related to Decision No. 57/PHP.BUP-XIX/2021, North Halmahera Election Results Disputes” (2022) 3:1 Int J Educ Res Soc Sci 238–247.
Mahyudin, Mahyudin, Edy Haryanto & Rahmah Marsinah, "Impact of Structured, Systematic and Massive Violations In the General Election" (2020) 5:2 Law Justice 175–195.
Micael Josviranto, “Juridical Review of the Authority of the Constitutional Court in Resolution of General Election Disputes for Regional Head” (2020) 9:2 Sosioedukasi J Ilm Ilmu Pendidik dan Sos 39–47.
Nofi Sri Utami, M Dwi Cahyono, Syaifuddin, "The Establishment of Special Judicature for the Local Government Election Result Dispute" (2020) 4:1 Leg Standing J Ilmu Huk 193–199.
Prasetianingsih, Rahayu, “Judicial Activism in Indonesia: Constitutional Culture by the Constitutional Court” (2020) 5:2 J Kaji Ilmu Huk dan Syariah 160–177.
Ramadhan, Febriansyah & Ilham Dwi Rafiqi, “Study of Constitutional Court Decisions Cancelling All Norms in the Law” (2021) 29:2 Leg J Ilm Huk 286–308.
Rorano S Abubakar, Abd Rahmattullah & Atma Suganda, "Special Courts for the Settlement of Regional Head Election Disputes in the Context of Realising the Principle of Legal Certainty and Orderly Governance" (2022) 1:11 J Res Soc Sci Econ Manag 1952–1962.
Salman, Radian, Judicial Activism or Self-Restraint: Some Insight Into the Indonesian Constitutional Court (The Netherlands: Atlantis Press, 2018).
Satriawan, Iwan & Tanto Lailam, Open Legal Policy in the Constitutional Court Decisions and National Legislation Making (Yogyakarta: Atlantis Press, 2019).
Sasmito, Hery Abduh, "Ultra Petita Decision of Constitutional Court on Judicial Review (The Perspective of Progressive Law)" (2016) 1:1 J Indones Leg Stud 47–68.
Shannon Ishiyama Smithey, John Ishiyama, "Judicial Activism in PostCommunist Politics" (2002) 36:4 Law Soc Rev 719–742.
Siboy, Ahmad, "The integration of the authority of judicial institutions in solving general election problems in Indonesia" (2021) 29:2 Leg J Ilm Huk 237–255.
Simon Butt, Prakyekti Muharjanti, "What constitutes compliance? Legislative responses to Constitutional Court decisions in Indonesia" (2022) 20:1 Int J Const Law 428–453.
Suparto, Zulkifli, "Position of Circular Letter of the Supreme Court As a Follow-Up From the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 37/PUU-IX/2011" (2022) 5:1 Awang Long Law Rev 225–234.
Suparto, S. & Ellydar Chaidir, The Constitutional Court Decision Regarding Disputes of Legislative Election; from a Progressive Law Enforcement to the Recognition of Customary Law Communities in Democracy (2019).
Wido Haruni, Catur, "Constitutionality of monitoring and evaluation of regional regulation drafts and regional regulations by Regional Representative Council" (2022) 30:1 Leg J Ilm Huk 103–115.
Wijaya, Ahmad & Nasran Nasran, "Comparison of Judicial Review: A Critical Approach To The Model In Several Countries" (2021) 14:2 J Leg 85–106.
Angela F Randolph, Danna Greenberg, Jessica K Simon, William B Gartner, "Exploring Differences in the Antisocial Behaviors of Adolescent Rule-Breaking That Affect Entrepreneurial Persistence" (2022) 28:2 Int J Entrep Behav Res 471–499.
Ardiansyah, Ardiansyah & M Rafi, "The Role of Malay Culture in Maintaining the Neutrality of the Civil Servants: A Case Study of Local Election in Riau, Indonesia" (2022) 18:2 J Borneo Adm 111–124.
Armia, Muhammad Siddiq, “Constitutional Courts and Judicial Review: Lesson Learned for Indonesia” (2017) 8:No.1 J Negara Huk Membangun Huk untuk Keadilan dan Kesejaht 107–130.
Bima, Muhammad Rinaldy & Imran Eka Saputra, "Implication of the Constitutional Court Ruling on the Binding Character of the Election Organizer Ethics Council Decision" (2022) 2:6 Daengku J Humanit Soc Sci Innov 769–776.
Bura Datu, Atiqah Mumtazah Ameliah, "The Formulation of The Norm On Handling The Violation of Local Election" (2018) 3:32 Mulawarman Law Rev 15–29.
Busetto, Loraine, Wolfgang Wick & Christoph Gumbinger, "How to use and assess qualitative research methods" (2020) 2:1 Neurol Res Pract 1–10.
C Neal Tate, Torbjorn Vallinder, The Global Expansion of Judicial Power (New York: University Press, 1995).
Canon, Bradley C, "Defining the Dimensions of Judicial Activism" (1983) 66:6 Judicature 236–280.
Chalid, Hamid A, "Dualism of Judicial Review in Indonesia: Problems and Solutions" (2017) 7:3 Indones Law Rev 367–394.
Corwin, Edward S, "Marbury v. Madison and the Doctrine of Judicial Review" (1914) 12:7 Mich Law Rev 538–572.
Dahrendorf, Ralf, On Constitutional Democracy and Constitutions (Estonia: Juridica International, 2007).
Eddyono, Luthfi Widagdo, "The Constitutional Court and Consolidation of Democracy in Indonesia" (2018) 15:1 J Konstitusi 1–26.
Elven, Tareq Muhammad Aziz & Shalahuddin Ahmad Al-Muqorrobin, "Consolidating Indonesia's Fragile Elections Through E-Voting: Lessons Learned from India and the Philippines" (2021) 3:1 Indones Comp Law Rev 63–80.
Emy Hajar Abra, Rofi Wahanisa, "The Constitutional Court Ultra Petita as a Protection Form of Economic Rights in Pancasila Justice" (2020) 5:1 JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) 187–224.
François-Xavier Millet, Nicoletta Perlo, "The First Preliminary Reference of the French Constitutional Court to the CJEU: Révolution de Palais or Revolution in French Constitutional Law?" (2015) 16:6 Ger Law J 1471–1490.
Galligan, Brian, "Judicial Activism in Australia" in Judic Act Comp Perspect (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1991) 70.
Habibi, Muhammad & Achmad Nurmandi, "Electoral Manipulations and Fraud Political Contestation: The Case of Regional Head Election" (2021) 6:3 Polit Indones Indones Polit Sci Rev 360–374.
Henry Campbell Black, Bryan A Garner, Black's Law Dictionary (Minnesota: West Group, 1999).
Kartika, Adhitya Widya, "The Existence of Decision Norms of the Constitutional Court as a Source of Legislative and Executive Laws" (2019) 6:2 Lentera Huk 309–320.
Kelliher, Camden et al, “Unconstitutional Authority of Indonesia’s Constitutional Court: The Resolution of Pilkada Result Disputes” (2019) 18:3 Elect Law J Rules, Polit Policy 297–308.
Kmiec, Keenan D, "The Origin and Current Meanings of 'Judicial Activism'" (2004) 92:5 Calif Law Rev 1441–1477.
Kurnia, Kamal Fahmi, Tian Terina & Dinar Mahardika, The Authority of Constitutional Court in General Election Results: Is It Powerful or Meaningless? (Malang: Atlantis Press, 2020).
Laritmas, Selfianus et al, “A Constitutional Court Decision Has Final Law And Binding Related to Decision No. 57/PHP.BUP-XIX/2021, North Halmahera Election Results Disputes” (2022) 3:1 Int J Educ Res Soc Sci 238–247.
Mahyudin, Mahyudin, Edy Haryanto & Rahmah Marsinah, "Impact of Structured, Systematic and Massive Violations In the General Election" (2020) 5:2 Law Justice 175–195.
Micael Josviranto, “Juridical Review of the Authority of the Constitutional Court in Resolution of General Election Disputes for Regional Head” (2020) 9:2 Sosioedukasi J Ilm Ilmu Pendidik dan Sos 39–47.
Nofi Sri Utami, M Dwi Cahyono, Syaifuddin, "The Establishment of Special Judicature for the Local Government Election Result Dispute" (2020) 4:1 Leg Standing J Ilmu Huk 193–199.
Prasetianingsih, Rahayu, “Judicial Activism in Indonesia: Constitutional Culture by the Constitutional Court” (2020) 5:2 J Kaji Ilmu Huk dan Syariah 160–177.
Ramadhan, Febriansyah & Ilham Dwi Rafiqi, “Study of Constitutional Court Decisions Cancelling All Norms in the Law” (2021) 29:2 Leg J Ilm Huk 286–308.
Rorano S Abubakar, Abd Rahmattullah & Atma Suganda, "Special Courts for the Settlement of Regional Head Election Disputes in the Context of Realising the Principle of Legal Certainty and Orderly Governance" (2022) 1:11 J Res Soc Sci Econ Manag 1952–1962.
Salman, Radian, Judicial Activism or Self-Restraint: Some Insight Into the Indonesian Constitutional Court (The Netherlands: Atlantis Press, 2018).
Satriawan, Iwan & Tanto Lailam, Open Legal Policy in the Constitutional Court Decisions and National Legislation Making (Yogyakarta: Atlantis Press, 2019).
Sasmito, Hery Abduh, "Ultra Petita Decision of Constitutional Court on Judicial Review (The Perspective of Progressive Law)" (2016) 1:1 J Indones Leg Stud 47–68.
Shannon Ishiyama Smithey, John Ishiyama, "Judicial Activism in PostCommunist Politics" (2002) 36:4 Law Soc Rev 719–742.
Siboy, Ahmad, "The integration of the authority of judicial institutions in solving general election problems in Indonesia" (2021) 29:2 Leg J Ilm Huk 237–255.
Simon Butt, Prakyekti Muharjanti, "What constitutes compliance? Legislative responses to Constitutional Court decisions in Indonesia" (2022) 20:1 Int J Const Law 428–453.
Suparto, Zulkifli, "Position of Circular Letter of the Supreme Court As a Follow-Up From the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 37/PUU-IX/2011" (2022) 5:1 Awang Long Law Rev 225–234.
Suparto, S. & Ellydar Chaidir, The Constitutional Court Decision Regarding Disputes of Legislative Election; from a Progressive Law Enforcement to the Recognition of Customary Law Communities in Democracy (2019).
Wido Haruni, Catur, "Constitutionality of monitoring and evaluation of regional regulation drafts and regional regulations by Regional Representative Council" (2022) 30:1 Leg J Ilm Huk 103–115.
Wijaya, Ahmad & Nasran Nasran, "Comparison of Judicial Review: A Critical Approach To The Model In Several Countries" (2021) 14:2 J Leg 85–106.
Published
2023-05-28
How to Cite
INDRA, Mexsasai; SARAGIH, Geofani Milthree; HANDOKO, Tito.
Pseudo-judicial Review for the Dispute over the Result of the Regional Head Election in Indonesia.
Lentera Hukum, [S.l.], v. 10, n. 1, p. 111-134, may 2023.
ISSN 2621-3710.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/ejlh/article/view/36685>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v10i1.36685.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
