International Legal Instruments in Responding to Human Trafficking
Abstract
Human trafficking grows and develops rapidly, with various motives and types of crimes. Various obstacles are faced in handling human trafficking cases, ranging from inadequate legal instruments to weak law enforcement. This study overviewed the international legal instrument on human trafficking cases, following the identification of the recent forms and issues in enquiring how international legal instruments deal with human trafficking. This study used legal research method by referring to international laws as the source of law in compiling this human trafficking research. This study found that various instruments and international cooperation have dealt with human trafficking cases. However, in various related studies, these different legal instruments did not have a clear and binding force when the issue occurs in the domestic state. In addition, human trafficking in various legal instruments also had many types, and all of them are interrelated. This study highlighted and concluded that in making various international legal instruments effective in this case, more intensive international cooperation was needed, both regionally and globally.
KEYWORDS: Human Trafficking, Labor Human Rights, Criminal Law.
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Allain, Jean, “White Slave Traffic in International Law” (2017) 1:1 Journal of Trafficking and Human Exploitation 1–40.
Arief, Eva, “Relevansi Hukum Pidana Internasional dalam Menganalisis Kasus Perdagangan Manusia Khususnya Wanita dan Anak-Anak, Sebagai Salah Satu Jenis Kejahatan Transnasional” (2016) 4:1 Hukum dan Dinamika Masyarakat 89–97.
Atak, Idil & James C. Simeon, “Human Trafficking: Mapping the Legal Boundaries of International Refugee Law and Criminal Justice” (2014) 12:5 Journal of International Criminal Justice 1019–1038.
Beittel, June S., "Mexico: Organized Crime and Drug Trafficking Organizations," Congressional Research Services, online:
Blom, Nadine, "Human Trafficking: An International Response." In: Winterdyk J., Jones J. (eds), The Palgrave International Handbook of Human Trafficking (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020).
Chuang, Janie, "Exploitation Creep and the Unmaking of Human Trafficking Law" (2014) 108:4 American Journal of International Law 609-649.
Cockbain, Ella & Kate Bowers, "Human Trafficking for Sex, Labor, and Domestic Servitude: How Do Key Trafficking Types Compare and What are Their Predictors?" (2019) 72:1 Crime, Law, and Social Change 9–34.
Dergi, Hakemli, Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi (Istambul: Beta Basim Yayim Dağitim, 2019).
Dovydaitis, Tiffany, “Human Trafficking: The Role of the Health Care Provider” (2010) 55:5 Journal of Midwifery Women's Health 462–467.
Estourgie Savanne, “The fight against Human Trafficking: Why Do Countries Ratify, But Not All Comply with the Palermo Protocol?” (2016) Student Thesis.,Radboud University Faculty of Management.
Gillette, Jane, “Human Trafficking” (2012) 143:8 Journal of the American Dental Association 830.
Goździak, Elżbieta M. & Kathleen M. Vogel, “Palermo at 20: A Retrospective and Prospective” (2020) 6:2 Journal of Human Trafficking 109–118.
Harpur, Paul & Heather Douglas, "Disability, Domestic Violence, and Human Rights." In: Reilly N. (eds), International Human Rights of Women (Singapore: Springer, 2019).
Högfors, Frida, “Human Trafficking International Law and the Regulation of Sexual Exploitation of Women on the Internet” (2020) Student Thesis, Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work.
Jones, Jackie & John Winterdyk, “Introduction Human Trafficking: Challenges and Opportunities for the 21st Century” (2018) 8:1 Oñati Socio-Legal Series 1–10.
Mahendra N, Darious, et al., “Implementasi Konvensi ILO Nomor 182 Tahun 1999 dalam Menanggulangi Permasalahan Pekerja Anak Korban Perdagangan Manusia di Indonesia” (2018) 6:1 Kertha Negara: Journal Ilmu Hukum.
Ne, Foo Yen, “Human Trafficking: In the Shadows of the Law” (2018) S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, online
Novianti. "Tinjauan Yuridis Kejahatan Perdagangan Manusia (Human Traffikking) sebagai Kejahatan Lintas Batazzs Negara” (2014) 5:2 Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jambi.
Piotrowicz, Ryszard Wilson & Liliana Sorrentino, “Human Trafficking and the Emergence of the Non-Punishment Principle” (2016) 16:4 Human Rights Law Review 669–699.
Polaris, “US National Human Trafficking Hotline”, online:
Prasetya, Yuda, "Legal Analysis of Human Trafficking Case as A Transnational Organized Crime That is Threatening State Security" (2020) 4:1 Lex Scientia Law Review 143-150.
Putri, Anggie Rizqita Herda & Ridwan Arifin, "Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Indonesia" (2019) Res Judicata 2:1: 170-185.
Sibuea, Deypend Tommy, "Pemberantasan Perdagangan Orang Melalui Instrumen Hukum Nasional dan Hukum Internasional di Indonesia" (2018) 3:2 JCH (Jurnal Cendekia Hukum).
Siller, Nicole, “Human Trafficking in International Law Before the Palermo Protocol” (2017) 64:3 Netherlands International Law Review 407–452.
Siller, Nicole, "'Modern Slavery': Does International Law Distinguish Between Slavery, Enslavement, and Trafficking?" (2016) 14:2 Journal of International Criminal Justice 405–427.
Simmons, Beth A., et al., "The Global Diffusion of Law: Transnational Crime and the Case of Human Trafficking" (2018) 72:2 International Organization 249–281.
Sitania, Lourensy Varina & Eko Suponyono, "Akomodasi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang dalam Aspek Hukum Internasional dan Nasional” (2020) 2:1 Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia 38-54.
Sundari, Endah, Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Bali Declaration on People Smuggling, Trafficking in Persons And Related Transnational Crime Sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Perjanjian Internasional (2017) Student Thesis, Universitas Sumatera Utara Faculty of Law.
Zimmerman, Cathy & Ligia Kiss, "Human Trafficking and Exploitation: A Global Health Concern” (2017) 14:11 PLoS Medicine.
Published
2021-11-30
How to Cite
ARIFIN, Ridwan; LEMUEL, Yehezkiel; NTE, Ngaboawaji Daniel.
International Legal Instruments in Responding to Human Trafficking.
Lentera Hukum, [S.l.], v. 8, n. 3, p. 417-446, nov. 2021.
ISSN 2621-3710.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/ejlh/article/view/22137>. Date accessed: 19 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/ejlh.v8i3.22137.
Section
Articles
