Gender Analysis in Indonesia's Legislation Regarding Political Laws
Abstract
This paper examines Indonesia's current legislation on politics, inter alia, Political Parties Law, Election Law, and Parliament Law, by using gender analysis. This paper considers how these laws ensure equitable access, participation, control, and benefits for men and women. Under the justice and gender equality approach, these laws are not optimal, especially under the control and benefit indicators. In this context, Political Parties Law contributes more to the indicator of access, while Electoral Law provides access and participation indicators. At the same time, Parliament Law is expected to contribute the most to the control and benefit indicators. However, it is regrettable that Parliament Law does not comply with these two indicators. Also, the Constitutional Court's interpretation was not followed in a series of legislative revisions of Parliament Law. Therefore, the gender approach in the legislative revision of these three laws should be encouraged to benefit from social life with more just and non-discriminatory. It should also provide equal opportunity for every citizen to gain access, participatory rights, control, and benefits in development. Hence, it is inevitable to the importance of the government commitment in gender mainstreaming in policy, harmonization, and synchronization of laws and regulations.
KEYWORDS: gender justice and equality, political laws, women's representation.
References
Ann Oakley. Sex, Gender, and Society (New York: Harper and Row, 1972).
Bibler, Sarah, Mohan, Vasu dan Ryan, Katie. Kesetaraan Gender dan Penyelenggaraan Pemilu: Panduan Praktek Terbaik (International Foundation for Electoral System).
Council of Europe, Committee of Ministers. Recommendation No. R (98) 14 of the Committee of Ministers to the Member States on Gender Mainstreaming. Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on October 7, 1998, at the 643rd meeting of the Ministers' Deputies.
Erlina. Implementasi Hak Konstitusional Perempuan dalam Peraturan Perundang-undangan di Indonesia (2012) 1:1 Jurnal Konstitusi.
Fakih, Mansour. Analisis Gender dan Transformasi Sosial (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010).
House of Representatives. “Dokumen Utama Daftar Inventarisasi Masalah (DIM) Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) tentang Partai Politik Tanggal 12 September 2007” (2020) online:
_____________________________, “Isu Gender Akan Diperjuangkan” online:
I Putu Oka Pratiwi Widasmara. Pengaturan Terhadap Keterwakilan Perempuan dalam Undang-Undang tentang MPR, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD ditinjau Berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 82/PUU-XII/ 2014. (2016) 5:2 Udayana Master Law Journal.
International Labour Organization (ILO). Women do four times more unpaid care work than men in Asia and the Pacific (June 27, 2018).
Jahan, Rounad. The Elusive Agenda: Mainstreaming Women in Development (London: Zed Books, 1995).
Jayus, Muhammad Bahrul Ulum & Moch Marsa Taufiqurrohman. Examining Recall of the House Member: How Does It Impact on Eradicating Corruption in Indonesia? (2020) 7:1 Lentera Hukum.
Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindugan Anak, Kementerian Dalam Negeri. Parameter Kesetaraan Gender dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan (Kemenkumham RI, 2011).
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak bersama Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Badan Perancangan Pembangunan Nasional. (Kertas Kebijakan: Kesetaraan Gender).
Knut D. Asplund, et al. Hukum Hak Asasi Manusia (Yogyakarta: Pusham UII Yogyakarta, 2008).
Kunthi Tridewiyanti. Kesetaraan dan Keadilan Gender di Bidang Politik Pentingnya Partisipasi dan Keterwakilan Perempuan di Legislatif (2012) 9:1 Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia.
National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. Round Table Discussion: Analyzing Legislation with a Gender Perspective (Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia, 2007).
Sadhu Bagas Suratno. Pembentukan Peraturan Kebijakan Berdasarkan Asas-Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik (2017) 4:3 Lentera Hukum.
Sadikin, Usep Hasan, Pengarusutamaan Gender dalam UU MD3 (2020), online:
Santi Wijaya Hesti Utami. Kesetaraan Gender, Langkah menuju Demokratisasi Desa (Yogyakarta: IP4:LAPPERA dan Asia Foundation, 2001).
Sasmita. Parameter Kesetaraan Gender dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan (2011) 9:1 Jurnal
Legislasi Indonesia.
Scott Coltrane. Gender and Families (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge, 1998).
Sidharta. Pendekatan Hukum Progresif Dalam Mencairkan Kebekuan Produk Legislasi, dalam Dekonstruksi dan Gerakan Pemikiran Hukum Progresif (Yogyakarta: Thafa Media, 2013).
Tatyana Teplova, et al. OECD Toolkit for Mainstreaming and Implementing Gender Equality, Implementing the 2015 OECD Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life (Gender and Inclusiveness Unit, OECD, 2015).
Tirto.id, "Isi Kursi DPR 2019-2024, Porsi Perempuan Meningkat" online:
World Economic Forum. Global Gender Gap Report 2020 (2019).
