Women's Representation in the 2018 United States Midterm Elections

  • Yasinta Widya Prameswari Universitas Jember
  • Agus Trihartono Universitas Jember
  • Abubakar Eby Hara Universitas Jember

Abstract

United States politics is a difficult arena to reach for women due to the high levels of gender discrimination and sexism. A new history came up on their midterm election on Tuesday 6th November 2018. Due to the record number of women who passed and running for office, also the surge in activism was higher than previos years. The number of female legislator is 23.4% for the House of Representative and 25% for Senate. This record number is the highest one in United State politic history of women representation. The process of increasing women’s representation in 2018 midterm election to some extent influenced by the paradigm shifting of the women’s movement.

References

AFSC. “What You Need to Know about the Call to Abolish ICE,” 02 2021. https://www.afsc.org/blogs/news-and-commentary/what-you-need-to-know-about-call-to-abolish-ice.
Annenberg classroom. “19th Amendment,” 2017. https://www.annenbergclassroom.org/resource/our-constitution/constitution-amendment-19/.
Survey Monkey. “Axios|SurveyMonkey Poll Shows Support for Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez,” n.d. https://www.surveymonkey.com/curiosity/axios-poll-alexandria-ocasio-cortez/.
Bensman, Miriam. “They Had Money, We Had People.” Dissent Magazine (blog), July 9, 2018. https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/they-had-money-we-had-people-alexandria-ocasio-cortez.
Blommaert, Jan. “Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: The next Level of Political Digital Culture.” Medium. Diggit Magazine (blog), January 23, 2019. https://medium.com/@diggitmagazine/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-the-next-level-of-political-digital-culture-e43b45518e86.
Bridget, Read. “On Instagram, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Her Fellow Congressional Freshmen Women Are 2018’s Biggest Influencers.” Vogue, November 21, 2018. https://www.vogue.com/article/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-instagram-rashida-tlaib-ilhan-omar-ayanna-pressley-influencers.
Brigham, Bob. “#WheresMitch: Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Searches for Missing in Action McConnell as Shutdown Drags On.” Salon, January 17, 2019. https://www.salon.com/2019/01/17/wheresmitch-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-searches-for-missing-in-action-mcconnell-as-shutdown-drags-on_partner/.
Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge, 2006. https://www.routledge.com/Gender-Trouble-Feminism-and-the-Subversion-of-Identity/Butler/p/book/9780415389556.
Chira, Susan. “Feminism Lost. Now What?” The New York Times, December 30, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/30/opinion/sunday/feminism-lost-now-what.html.
Crockett, Emily. “Why Some Feminists Are Conflicted about Hillary Clinton’s Historic Candidacy.” Vox, August 22, 2016. https://www.vox.com/2016/8/22/12370784/hillary-clinton-woman-president-feminists-conflicted.
Diaz, Clarisa. “Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Hopes Her Grassroots Strategy Will Build A Movement Beyond Midterms.” Gothamist, November 2, 2018. https://gothamist.com/news/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-hopes-her-grassroots-strategy-will-build-a-movement-beyond-midterms.
Filipovic, Jill. “There’s a Strong Feminist Case for Hillary Clinton,” February 23, 2016. http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2016/2/theres-a-strong-feminist-case-for-hillary-clinton.html.
Foran, Clare. “Hillary Clinton’s Intersectional Politics.” The Atlantic (blog), March 10, 2018. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/03/hillary-clinton-intersectionality/472872/.
Gillis, Stacy, Gillian Howie, and Rebecca Munford. Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
Goldmacher, Shane. “An Upset in the Making: Why Joe Crowley Never Saw Defeat Coming.” The New York Times, June 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/27/nyregion/ocasio-cortez-crowley-primary-upset.html.
Haltiwanger, John. “This Is the Platform That Launched Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a 29-Year-Old Democratic Socialist, to Become the Youngest Woman Ever Elected to Congress.” Business Insider, n.d. https://www.businessinsider.com/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-platform-on-the-issues-2018-6.
Heywood, Andrew. Political Ideologies: An Introduction. 3rd edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
Hillstrom, Laurie Collier. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez: A Biography. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood, 2020.
History.com Editors. “19th Amendment - Definition, Passage & Summary.” A&E Television Networks. HISTORY, n.d. https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/19th-amendment-1.
Jenainati, Cathia, and Judy Groves. Introducing Feminism. Thriplow: Icon,Totem Books, 2007.
Kartley, E. “AOC Vows to Champion LGBTQ+ Rights after Hecklers Storm New York Event.” The Guardian, n.d. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/oct/24/aoc-lgbtq-rights-dancing-champion-aoc-has-got-to-go.
Kilgore, Ed. “2018 Turnout Was the Highest of Any Midterm since 1914.” Intelligencer. Midterms, November 13, 2018. https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2018/11/2018-turnout-was-the-highest-of-any-midterm-since-1914.html.
Livingston, Gretchen. “For Most Highly Educated Women, Motherhood Doesn’t Start until the 30s.” Pew Research Center (blog), n.d. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/01/15/for-most-highly-educated-women-motherhood-doesnt-start-until-the-30s/.
Lu, Denise, and Kate Zernike. “Women Have Won More Primaries Than Ever Before. Will They Set a Record in November?” The New York Times, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/09/14/us/women-primaries-house-senate-governor.html.
Margrit, Annisa. “Mengapa Pemilu Sela AS Penting Bagi Dunia?” Kabar 24, November 7, 2018. https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20181107/19/857473/mengapa-pemilu-sela-as-penting-bagi-dunia.
Ballotpedia. “New York’s 14th Congressional District Election,” 2018. https://ballotpedia.org/New_York%27s_14th_Congressional_District_election,_2018.
Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria. “Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez for Congress,” n.d. https://www.ocasiocortez.com/issues.
Oktavianti, Tri, and Muhammad Nur Hasan. “Pergeseran Standar Feminisme Dalam Pemilu AS: Studi Terhadap Postfeminisme Di Kalangan Muda [The Shifting Feminist Standard in U.S. Elections: Studies on Postfeminism in Youth].” Verity: Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional (International Relations Journal) 9 (January 5, 2018): 1. https://doi.org/10.19166/verity.v9i18.770.
Relman, Eliza. “THE TRUTH ABOUT ALEXANDRIA OCASIO-CORTEZ: The inside Story of How, in Just One Year, Sandy the Bartender Became a Lawmaker Who Triggers Both Parties.” Insider, n.d. https://www.insider.com/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-biography-2019-1.
“Results: Women Candidates in the 2018 Elections.” New Jersey: Rutgers: Center for American Women and Politics, 2018. https://cawp.rutgers.edu/sites/default/files/resources/results_release_5bletterhead5d_1.pdf.
Salama, Nadiatus. “Seksisme dalam Sains.” Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 311–22.
Schapitl, Lexie. “2018 Election: New York’s Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Elected the Youngest Woman in Congress.” Vox, October 30, 2018. https://www.vox.com/2018/10/30/18015544/election-results-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-new-york.
Scott, Dylan. “The ‘Pleasant Ambiguity’ of Medicare-for-All in 2018, Explained.” Vox, July 2, 2018. https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/7/2/17468448/medicare-for-all-single-payer-health-care-2018-elections.
Segers, G. “Politics Campaigns Elections How Alexandria Ocasio Cortez Won Race Shocked,” June 27, 2018.
Shepard, Steven. “Poll: Voters Oppose Abolishing ICE.” POLITICO, n.d. https://www.politico.com/story/2018/07/11/immigration-ice-abolish-poll-708703.
Stein, Jeff. “Analysis | What Ocasio-Cortez Wants for America after Beating Joe Crowley.” Washington Post, November 24, 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/06/27/ocasio-cortez-beat-joe-crowley-campaigning-on-medicare-for-all-guaranteed-jobs-and-abolishing-ice/.
Wise, Justin. “Ocasio-Cortez: Paul Ryan Got Called a ‘Genius’ When He Was Elected at 28, I Get Accused of Being ‘a Fraud,’” December 10, 2018. https://thehill.com/homenews/house/420662-ocasio-cortez-paul-ryan-got-called-a-genius-when-he-was-elected-at-28-i-get/?rl=1.
Published
2023-01-31
How to Cite
PRAMESWARI, Yasinta Widya; TRIHARTONO, Agus; HARA, Abubakar Eby. Women's Representation in the 2018 United States Midterm Elections. Journal of Feminism and Gender Studies, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 1, p. 35-52, jan. 2023. ISSN 2775-8737. Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/FGS/article/view/30625>. Date accessed: 24 apr. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jfgs.v3i1.30625.