Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Macroalgae Padina australis From Tidung Island, Indonesia and Testing Its Antibacterial Activity
Abstract
Padina australis is one of brown macroalgae that grows in Indonesian ocean. This study aimed to determine the optimum of time extraction of Padina australis ethanolic extract extracted by Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) method, its phytochemical compounds and the antibacterial activity of Padina australis ethanolic extract against on four different pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella typhii, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli dan Bacillus cereus). Padina australis were extracted by Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) method using ethanol solvent (70%) with three different times (10, 20 and 30 minutes). The ethanolic extract of Padina australis were evaluated its antibacterial activity and its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by using disc diffusion method. The results showed that the optimum UAE time of Padina australis was 20 minutes which yielded 0.4%. Moreover, the ethanolic extract of Padina australis contained alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids. Furthermore, this study indicates that Padina australis ethanolic extract demonstrated its antibacterial activity against all bacteria tested. MICs of Padina australis ethanolic extract determined for S. typhi and B. cereus were at 6.25 ppm and for S. sonnei was at 12,5 ppm. Whereas, this extract showed the MIC at 25 ppm on E. coli.
References
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Adil, M., Filimban, F.Z., Ambrin et al. (2024). Phytochemical screening, HPLC analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant effect of Euphorbia parviflora L. (Euphorbiaceae juss.). Sci Rep 14, 5627 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55905-w
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Al-Enazi, N. M., Awaad, A. S., Zain, M. E., & Alqasoumi, S. I. (2018). Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Laurencia catarinensis, Laurencia majuscula and Padina pavonica extracts. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 26(1), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2017.11.001
Ariyani H, Nazemi M, Hamidah, Kumiati M. (2018). The effectiveness of antibacterial the citrus lime peel extract (Citrus hystrix DC) of some bacteria. Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2(1):136-141.
Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A. G., Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A. S., & Abert-Vian, M. (2017). Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 34, 540–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.035
Datta, F., Daki, A., Benu, I., Detha, A., Foeh, N., & Ndaong, N. (2019). Identification of antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria from rumen fluid on pathogenic bacteria Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Using Agar Well Diffusion. Jurnal Kajian Veteriner, 66-85. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v0i0.1590
Dulger, G. (2014). Antibacterial Activity of Two Brown Algae (Cystoseira compressa and Padina pavonica) Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. British Microbiology Research Journal, 4(8), 918–923. https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2014/10449
Esparza I, Cimminelli MJ, Moler JA, et al. (2020) Stability of phenolic compounds in grape stem extracts. J. Antioxidants (Basel). ;9(8):720. 10.3390/antiox9080720.
Fadjare Frempong, T., Owusu Boadi, N., & Badu, M. (2021). Optimization of extraction conditions for polyphenols from the stem bark of Funtumia elastica (Funtum) utilizing response surface methodology. J. AAS Open Research, 4, 46. https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13284.2
Harb, T. B., & Chow, F. (2022). Anti-HIV activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of fifteen materials of beach-cast macroalgae: valorization of underused waste biomass. J. Applied Phycology, 3(1), 236–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/26388081.2021.1986677
Hassan, I. H., Pham, H. N. T., & Nguyen, T. H. (2021). Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for phenolics, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Vietnamese brown seaweed (Padina australis). Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 45 (5), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.15386
Hemant KS. And Veerachamy Alagarsamy. (2013). In-vitro antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Dyschoriste littoralis nees. International Journal of Phytopharmacology. 4(3):212–6.
Hidayati, J. R., Bahry, M. S., Karlina, I., & Yudiati, E. (2022). Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Tropical Brown Algae Padina sp. from Bintan Island, Indonesia. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 25(3), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v25i3.15562
Husni, A., Putra, D. R., & Bambang Lelana, I. Y. (2014 Antioxidant Activity of Padina sp. at Various Temperature and Drying Time. Jurnal Pascapanen Dan Bioteknologi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 9(2), 165. https://doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v9i2.109
Hutapea, E. E., Musfiroh, I., Studi, P., Apoteker, P., Farmasi, F., & Padjadjaran, U. (2021). J. Farmaka, 18(1), 53–59.
Ikalinus, R., Widyastuti, S., & Eka Setiasih, N. (2015). Phytochemical Screening Ethanol Extract Skin Stem Moringa (Moringa oleifera). Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 4(1), 77.
Kepel, R. C., Mantiri, D. M. H., Rumengan, A., & Nasprianto. (2016). The biodiversity of macroalgae in the coastal waters of Blongko Village, Sub-District of Sinonsayang, District of South Minahasa. Jurnal Ilmiah Platax, 6(1), 174–187.
Khan, M. I., Ahhmed, A., Shin, J. H., Baek, J. S., Kim, M. Y., & Kim, J. D. (2018). Green Tea Seed Isolated Saponins Exerts Antibacterial Effects against Various Strains of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria, a Comprehensive Study In Vitro and In Vivo. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 3486106.pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3486106
Krishnaiah D, Devi T, Bono A, Sarbatly R. (2009). Studies on phytochemical constituents of six Malaysian medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 3 (2):67–72.
Kumesan, E. C., Pandey, E. V, & Lohoo, H. J. (2017). Analysis of Total Bacteria, Water Content and pH in Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Using Two Drying Methods (In Indonesia: Analisa Total Bakteri, Kadar Air Dan pH Pada Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Dengan Dua Metode Pengeringan). Jurnal Media Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, 5(1), 30–35.
Lampinen J. (2005). Continuous Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Drug Discovery. J. Drug Plus Int. 7: 1–3.
Levine, Michael & O'Connor, Ayrn D. (2012). Obstetric Toxicology: Teratogens, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, 30 (4), 977-990.
Maharany, F., Nurjanah, Suwandi, R., Anwar, E., & Hidayat, T. (2017). Bioactive Compounds of Seaweed Padina australis and Eucheuma cottonii as Sunscreen Raw Materials. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 20(1), 10–17.
Bioactive Compounds of Seaweed Padina australis and Eucheuma cottonii as
Sunscreen Raw Materials
Bioactive Compounds of Seaweed Padina australis and Eucheuma cottonii as
Sunscreen Raw Materials
Bioactive Compounds of Seaweed Padina australis and Eucheuma cottonii as
Sunscreen Raw Materials
Mboneye, A., Onchweri, A. N., Neeza, T., & Odoma, S. (2023). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Analysis of Methanol Leaf Extract of Erlangea tomentosa (Oliv. & Hiern) S.Moore (Asteraceae). Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry, 7(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v7i1.528
Nurmansyah, D., & Normaidah. (2020). Review: Pathogenesis and Laboratory Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever. (In Indonesia: Review: Patogenesis Dan Diagnosa Laboratorium Demam Tifoid. Klinikal Sains : Jurnal Analis Kesehatan, 8(2), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.36341/klinikal_sains.v8i2.1409
Panjaitan, R.S., & Farida, H. (2023). Comparison of Phytochemical Content and Toxicity of n-hexana Extracts and Fractions of Padina australis. J. Educhemia, 8 (2), 225-240.
Roca, I.; Akova, M.; Baquero, F.; Carlet, J.; Cavaleri, M.; Coenen, S.; Cohen, J.; Findlay, D.; Gyssens, I.; Heure, O.E.; et al. (2015). The global threat of antimicrobial resistance: Science for intervention. J. New Microbes New Infect. 6, 22–29.
Rusli, R., Hafid, M., & Badjadji, N. N. (2018). Test of the Antibacterial Effectiveness of a Combination of Paliasa Leaf Extract (Kleinhovia hospita L) of White Flower and Purple Flower Varieties on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. (In Indonesia: Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita L) Varietas Bunga Putih Dan Bunga Ungu Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus Dan Escherichia coli. Media Farmasi, 14(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.32382/mf.v14i1.92
Saptari Haryani, T., Lohita Sari, B., & Triastinurmiatiningsih, T. (2015). Effectiveness of Padina australis extract as antibacterial Escherichia coli causes diarrhea. (In Indonesia: Efektivitas Ekstrak Padina australis Sebagai Antibakteri Escherichia coli Penyebab Diare). FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 4(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v4i2.186
Sari, D. P., Pangemanan, D. H. C., & J. (2016). Test of the inhibitory power of brown algae (Padina australis Hauck) extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. J. E-GIGI, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.4.2.2016.13652
Setha,B.; Gaspersz, Febe F.; Idris, Andi Puspa S.; Rahman, Samsul; Mailoa, Meigy Nelce. (2013). Potential of Seaweed Padina sp. as A Source of Antioxidant. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2 (6), 221-224.
Silva A, Silva SA, Lourenço-Lopes C, Jimenez-Lopez C, Carpena M, Gullón P, et al. (2020). Antibacterial use of macroalgae compounds against foodborne pathogens. J. Antibiotics. 9: 712.
Syafni, N., Putra, D. P., & Arbain, D. (2012). 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde from the fern Trichomanes chinense L.; isolation, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 12(3), 273–278. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21342
Syahir, A., Sulaiman, S., Mel, M., Othman, M., & Zubaidah Sulaiman, S. (2020). An Overview: Analysis of ultrasonic-assisted extraction’s parameters and its process. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 778(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/778/1/012165
Tobgay, U., Boonyanuphong, P., & Meunprasertdee, P. (2019). Comparison of hot water and methanol extraction combined with ultrasonic pretreatment on antioxidant properties of two pigmented rice cultivars. Journal of Food Science, 4, 547-556.
Vaou, N., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C., Tsigalou, C., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2021). Towards Advances in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives. J. Microorganisms, 9 (10), 2041. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102041
Warsidah, W., Safitri, I., Sofiana, M. S. J., & Helena, S. (2022). Antibacterial Activity From Ethanol And Ethyl Acetate Extracts Of Padina pavonica Hauck From Kabung Island Against Escherichia coli. J. Saintek Perikanan: Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 18(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.18.1.1-6
Wiryato, J. (2015). Several types of macroalgae found in the tidal zone of Pandawa Beach, Bandung, Bali. (In Indonesia) Beberapa Jenis Makroalga Yang Ditemukan Di Zone Pasang Surut Pantai Pandawa Bandung Bali. [Thesis]; Universitas Udayana. 1–53.
Yunianto, H. P., Widowati, I., & Radjasa, O. K. (2014). Antibacterial Screening of Sargassum plagyophyllum Seaweed Extract from Bandengan Jepara Waters Against Pathogenic Bacteria Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococus aureus. (In Indonesia: Skrining Antibakteri Ekstrak Rumput Laut Sargassum plagyophyllum Dari Perairan Bandengan Jepara Terhadap Bakteri Patogen Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Dan Staphylococus aureus). Journal of Marine Research, 3(3), 165-172. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v3i3.5987
Zhang, Q. W., Lin, L. G., & Ye, W. C. (2018). Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: A comprehensive review. Chinese Medicine (United Kingdom), 13(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x
Adil, M., Filimban, F.Z., Ambrin et al. (2024). Phytochemical screening, HPLC analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant effect of Euphorbia parviflora L. (Euphorbiaceae juss.). Sci Rep 14, 5627 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-55905-w
Al-Barhawee, N. I. K., Wjdan Salim Qasim, W. S., and Abdlla, A. Y. (2023). Phytochemical analysis of Annona atemoya seed extract by HPLC and their ability to inhibit the growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. J. Biodiversitas, 24 (1), 603-608.
Al-Enazi, N. M., Awaad, A. S., Zain, M. E., & Alqasoumi, S. I. (2018). Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Laurencia catarinensis, Laurencia majuscula and Padina pavonica extracts. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 26(1), 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2017.11.001
Ariyani H, Nazemi M, Hamidah, Kumiati M. (2018). The effectiveness of antibacterial the citrus lime peel extract (Citrus hystrix DC) of some bacteria. Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2(1):136-141.
Chemat, F., Rombaut, N., Sicaire, A. G., Meullemiestre, A., Fabiano-Tixier, A. S., & Abert-Vian, M. (2017). Ultrasound assisted extraction of food and natural products. Mechanisms, techniques, combinations, protocols and applications. A review. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 34, 540–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.035
Datta, F., Daki, A., Benu, I., Detha, A., Foeh, N., & Ndaong, N. (2019). Identification of antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria from rumen fluid on pathogenic bacteria Salmonella enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Using Agar Well Diffusion. Jurnal Kajian Veteriner, 66-85. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v0i0.1590
Dulger, G. (2014). Antibacterial Activity of Two Brown Algae (Cystoseira compressa and Padina pavonica) Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. British Microbiology Research Journal, 4(8), 918–923. https://doi.org/10.9734/bmrj/2014/10449
Esparza I, Cimminelli MJ, Moler JA, et al. (2020) Stability of phenolic compounds in grape stem extracts. J. Antioxidants (Basel). ;9(8):720. 10.3390/antiox9080720.
Fadjare Frempong, T., Owusu Boadi, N., & Badu, M. (2021). Optimization of extraction conditions for polyphenols from the stem bark of Funtumia elastica (Funtum) utilizing response surface methodology. J. AAS Open Research, 4, 46. https://doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13284.2
Harb, T. B., & Chow, F. (2022). Anti-HIV activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of fifteen materials of beach-cast macroalgae: valorization of underused waste biomass. J. Applied Phycology, 3(1), 236–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/26388081.2021.1986677
Hassan, I. H., Pham, H. N. T., & Nguyen, T. H. (2021). Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for phenolics, antioxidant, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of Vietnamese brown seaweed (Padina australis). Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 45 (5), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpp.15386
Hemant KS. And Veerachamy Alagarsamy. (2013). In-vitro antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Dyschoriste littoralis nees. International Journal of Phytopharmacology. 4(3):212–6.
Hidayati, J. R., Bahry, M. S., Karlina, I., & Yudiati, E. (2022). Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Tropical Brown Algae Padina sp. from Bintan Island, Indonesia. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 25(3), 309-319. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkt.v25i3.15562
Husni, A., Putra, D. R., & Bambang Lelana, I. Y. (2014 Antioxidant Activity of Padina sp. at Various Temperature and Drying Time. Jurnal Pascapanen Dan Bioteknologi Kelautan Dan Perikanan, 9(2), 165. https://doi.org/10.15578/jpbkp.v9i2.109
Hutapea, E. E., Musfiroh, I., Studi, P., Apoteker, P., Farmasi, F., & Padjadjaran, U. (2021). J. Farmaka, 18(1), 53–59.
Ikalinus, R., Widyastuti, S., & Eka Setiasih, N. (2015). Phytochemical Screening Ethanol Extract Skin Stem Moringa (Moringa oleifera). Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 4(1), 77.
Kepel, R. C., Mantiri, D. M. H., Rumengan, A., & Nasprianto. (2016). The biodiversity of macroalgae in the coastal waters of Blongko Village, Sub-District of Sinonsayang, District of South Minahasa. Jurnal Ilmiah Platax, 6(1), 174–187.
Khan, M. I., Ahhmed, A., Shin, J. H., Baek, J. S., Kim, M. Y., & Kim, J. D. (2018). Green Tea Seed Isolated Saponins Exerts Antibacterial Effects against Various Strains of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria, a Comprehensive Study In Vitro and In Vivo. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 3486106.pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3486106
Krishnaiah D, Devi T, Bono A, Sarbatly R. (2009). Studies on phytochemical constituents of six Malaysian medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 3 (2):67–72.
Kumesan, E. C., Pandey, E. V, & Lohoo, H. J. (2017). Analysis of Total Bacteria, Water Content and pH in Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Using Two Drying Methods (In Indonesia: Analisa Total Bakteri, Kadar Air Dan pH Pada Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Dengan Dua Metode Pengeringan). Jurnal Media Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, 5(1), 30–35.
Lampinen J. (2005). Continuous Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Drug Discovery. J. Drug Plus Int. 7: 1–3.
Levine, Michael & O'Connor, Ayrn D. (2012). Obstetric Toxicology: Teratogens, Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, 30 (4), 977-990.
Maharany, F., Nurjanah, Suwandi, R., Anwar, E., & Hidayat, T. (2017). Bioactive Compounds of Seaweed Padina australis and Eucheuma cottonii as Sunscreen Raw Materials. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia, 20(1), 10–17.
Bioactive Compounds of Seaweed Padina australis and Eucheuma cottonii as
Sunscreen Raw Materials
Bioactive Compounds of Seaweed Padina australis and Eucheuma cottonii as
Sunscreen Raw Materials
Bioactive Compounds of Seaweed Padina australis and Eucheuma cottonii as
Sunscreen Raw Materials
Mboneye, A., Onchweri, A. N., Neeza, T., & Odoma, S. (2023). Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Quantitative Analysis of Methanol Leaf Extract of Erlangea tomentosa (Oliv. & Hiern) S.Moore (Asteraceae). Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry, 7(1), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.25026/jtpc.v7i1.528
Nurmansyah, D., & Normaidah. (2020). Review: Pathogenesis and Laboratory Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever. (In Indonesia: Review: Patogenesis Dan Diagnosa Laboratorium Demam Tifoid. Klinikal Sains : Jurnal Analis Kesehatan, 8(2), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.36341/klinikal_sains.v8i2.1409
Panjaitan, R.S., & Farida, H. (2023). Comparison of Phytochemical Content and Toxicity of n-hexana Extracts and Fractions of Padina australis. J. Educhemia, 8 (2), 225-240.
Roca, I.; Akova, M.; Baquero, F.; Carlet, J.; Cavaleri, M.; Coenen, S.; Cohen, J.; Findlay, D.; Gyssens, I.; Heure, O.E.; et al. (2015). The global threat of antimicrobial resistance: Science for intervention. J. New Microbes New Infect. 6, 22–29.
Rusli, R., Hafid, M., & Badjadji, N. N. (2018). Test of the Antibacterial Effectiveness of a Combination of Paliasa Leaf Extract (Kleinhovia hospita L) of White Flower and Purple Flower Varieties on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. (In Indonesia: Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita L) Varietas Bunga Putih Dan Bunga Ungu Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus Dan Escherichia coli. Media Farmasi, 14(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.32382/mf.v14i1.92
Saptari Haryani, T., Lohita Sari, B., & Triastinurmiatiningsih, T. (2015). Effectiveness of Padina australis extract as antibacterial Escherichia coli causes diarrhea. (In Indonesia: Efektivitas Ekstrak Padina australis Sebagai Antibakteri Escherichia coli Penyebab Diare). FITOFARMAKA: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 4(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.33751/jf.v4i2.186
Sari, D. P., Pangemanan, D. H. C., & J. (2016). Test of the inhibitory power of brown algae (Padina australis Hauck) extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria in vitro. J. E-GIGI, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.4.2.2016.13652
Setha,B.; Gaspersz, Febe F.; Idris, Andi Puspa S.; Rahman, Samsul; Mailoa, Meigy Nelce. (2013). Potential of Seaweed Padina sp. as A Source of Antioxidant. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2 (6), 221-224.
Silva A, Silva SA, Lourenço-Lopes C, Jimenez-Lopez C, Carpena M, Gullón P, et al. (2020). Antibacterial use of macroalgae compounds against foodborne pathogens. J. Antibiotics. 9: 712.
Syafni, N., Putra, D. P., & Arbain, D. (2012). 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde from the fern Trichomanes chinense L.; isolation, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 12(3), 273–278. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21342
Syahir, A., Sulaiman, S., Mel, M., Othman, M., & Zubaidah Sulaiman, S. (2020). An Overview: Analysis of ultrasonic-assisted extraction’s parameters and its process. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 778(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/778/1/012165
Tobgay, U., Boonyanuphong, P., & Meunprasertdee, P. (2019). Comparison of hot water and methanol extraction combined with ultrasonic pretreatment on antioxidant properties of two pigmented rice cultivars. Journal of Food Science, 4, 547-556.
Vaou, N., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C., Tsigalou, C., & Bezirtzoglou, E. (2021). Towards Advances in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives. J. Microorganisms, 9 (10), 2041. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102041
Warsidah, W., Safitri, I., Sofiana, M. S. J., & Helena, S. (2022). Antibacterial Activity From Ethanol And Ethyl Acetate Extracts Of Padina pavonica Hauck From Kabung Island Against Escherichia coli. J. Saintek Perikanan: Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 18(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.18.1.1-6
Wiryato, J. (2015). Several types of macroalgae found in the tidal zone of Pandawa Beach, Bandung, Bali. (In Indonesia) Beberapa Jenis Makroalga Yang Ditemukan Di Zone Pasang Surut Pantai Pandawa Bandung Bali. [Thesis]; Universitas Udayana. 1–53.
Yunianto, H. P., Widowati, I., & Radjasa, O. K. (2014). Antibacterial Screening of Sargassum plagyophyllum Seaweed Extract from Bandengan Jepara Waters Against Pathogenic Bacteria Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococus aureus. (In Indonesia: Skrining Antibakteri Ekstrak Rumput Laut Sargassum plagyophyllum Dari Perairan Bandengan Jepara Terhadap Bakteri Patogen Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Dan Staphylococus aureus). Journal of Marine Research, 3(3), 165-172. https://doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v3i3.5987
Zhang, Q. W., Lin, L. G., & Ye, W. C. (2018). Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: A comprehensive review. Chinese Medicine (United Kingdom), 13(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x
Published
2024-10-12
How to Cite
YOSEPIN, Elpina; PANJAITAN, Riong Seulina; PURWATI, Purwati.
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) of Macroalgae Padina australis From Tidung Island, Indonesia and Testing Its Antibacterial Activity.
BIOEDUKASI, [S.l.], p. 444-454, oct. 2024.
ISSN 2580-0094.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/BIOED/article/view/50081>. Date accessed: 21 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/bioedu.v22i3.50081.
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-0515
