ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IGE SERUM LEVEL AND SEVERITY OF ASTHMA IN CHILDREN

Abstract

Asthma is an inflammatory chronic process involving
respiratory tract wall and cause limited airflow with
increased of respiratory tract reactivity. It is a
respiratory disease that is more common in children.
Definition of asthma from Global Initiative Asthma
(GINA), asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually
marked by chronic inflammation respiratory tract.
Asthma causes symptoms such as wheezing,
shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough that
vary over time, in their occurrence, frequency and
intensity (GINA, 2016). International Consensus on
(ICON) Pediatric Asthma, asthma is a chronic
inflammation disorder which correlate with
respiratory tract obstruction that clinical
manifestation wheezing, cough and shortness of
breath (Rahajoe et al, 2015). Estimate prevalence of
asthma in the world is 7.2% (6% adults and 10%
children) (Rahajoe, 2015).
The pathogenesis, immunopathology, genetic,
clinical manifestation, diagnosis and therapy for
asthma had much progress. Therefore, it’s can’t be
sure which one comes first because the complexity
of both factor (Rahajoe, 2015). In many case,
especially children and young adult, asthma is
correlated with manifestation of atopy in Ig-Edependent
mechanism (Rahajoe, 2013). There was
no different of asthma mechanism in pediatric and
adult. Although there was some problem in asthma
pediatric there was not found in adult because of the
pathology, lack of good scientific evidence,
difficulties in determining of diagnosis and therapy
and also variation of remodeling response of therapy
that could not predicted before. This condition
especially for children under five year old (Rahajoe,
2015).
In population, atopy factor give contribute 40%
asthma patient pediatrics and adult. Atopy, the
genetic predisposition for the development of an
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated response to
common aeroallergens, is the strongest identifiable
predisposing factor for developing asthma (Rahajoe,
2013). Asthma has an inheritable component to its
expression, but the genetics involved in the eventual
development of asthma (Ober, 2005). The role of
genetics in IgE production, airway
hyperresponsiveness, and dysfunctional regulation
of the generation of inflammatory mediators has
appropriately captured much attention. Asthma is an
effect from histamine in bronchial muscle. Histamine
release together with IgE which mediated mast cell
degranulation and make quickly contriction and
bronchioles muscle spasm (Boyce, 2003). Ig E
attaches to cell surfaces via a specific high-affinity
receptor. The mast cell has large numbers of IgE
receptors; these, when activated by interaction with
antigen, release a wide variety of mediators to iniate
acute bronchospasm and also to release proinflammatory
cytokines to perpetuade underlying
airway inflammation (Sporik, et al. 1995). In
laboratory findings, pediatric patients with asthma
show increased IgE serum levels compared to
normal individuals without asthma. Ig E serum level
is specific for allergic status. It is useful to identified
risk factor or triggers of asthma. That is Ig E
responsible for allergic attack (Rahajoe, 2013).
However, lack of evidence of the association
between IgE serum levels and severity of asthma in
children. This study aims to determine the
association between IgE serum levels and severity of
asthma in children.