THE ABILITY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY JATROPHA CURCAS LEAF EXTRACT AT COX-2 EXPRESSION ON MONOCYTES WERE EXPOSED LPS

Abstract

Leukocyte is the main responsible cell in the
immunity sistem which move freely in the
circulation. Macrophag, neutrophil, dendrytic cell,
mast cell, eosinophil, basophil and natural killer (NK
cell) are important part of adaptive immunity.
Macrophag is monocyte that leaves the circulation
and move into the tissue to identify and directly kill
the cause of the infection. Its killing mechanism is
through the phagocytosis which responded to the
pathogen bacteria, so the monocyte viabilty is
important factor of the immune response.1
The interest of alternative medicine use in health
therapy has been increased in the past few years.2
Many researches has been conducted to discover
the phytochemical of many herbs around the world,
one of them is Jatropha curcas. Its leaves and branch
contain flavonoid, apigenin, vitexin, dan isovitexin. It
also contain dimer of triterpene alcohol (C63H117O9)
and two glycoside flavonoid.3 In Indonesia, the
Jatropha leaves has been used to cure the cough, as
antiseptic, antipyretic, bloating relief,
antihelminthics, gingivitis, stimulate hair-growth,
anti-dandruff, antimalarial, and destruct the kidney
stone.4 Flavonoid has been known for its antimicroba
and anti-viral activity. Triterpenoid also has
the same activity and has been frequently found in
herbs. It also helps the skin repair.5 The extract of
Jatropha leaves contain the flavonoid as the
antiinflammatory agent.
In the previous study6, the treatment with Jatropha
leaves extract decreased the peripheral lymphocytes
of Escherichia coli (E.coli)-induced male mice.
Treatment with 5% concentration of Jatropha leaves
extract shows the better effect compared to 10%
when given on 1st until 7th day. Maghfirotin 7 stated
the 10% concentration of Jatropha leaves extract
also suppress the elevation of peripheral neutrophil
in E.coli-induced male mice.
E.coli produce the well-know endotoxin,
lypopolisacharide (LPS). Endotoxin has varies
potention depend on the microorganisms, but its
effect is quite the same.8 LPS stimulates the immune
cell through in vitro or in vivo environment, and has
important clinical relevation because it is directly
involved in Gram-negative bacteria mediated
infection.9
Based on the introduction, the Jatropha leaves
extract mechanism towards the COX-2 expression,
the enzyme which responsible in inflammation
phase, yet still unknown. This study is to determine
the antiinflammatory activity of Jatropha leaves
extract toward the COX-2 expression by using E. Coli
to induce the inflammation.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
This in-vitro study use the posttest only with control
group design. The independent variable is Jatropha
leaves extract in 5%, 10% and 15 % concentration.
The dependent variable is COX-2 expression on
monocyte. The control variabel are monocytes type
and concentration, LPS from E.coli and research
procedures.
COX-2 expression was analyzed by
immunohistochemical method. Monocyte isolation
was incubated in Jatropha leaves extract and then it
was exposed to LPS from E.coli. The cell was washed
and then the immunostaining was performed use
the antihuman COX-2 monoclonal antibody (Mab).
The monocytes which expressed the COX-2 was
observed and counted.