Optimizing Omnibus Law in Indonesia: A Legal Enquiry on the Use of Artificial Intelligence for Legislative Drafting
Abstract
The omnibus law model is often regarded as a practical solution to harmonize and synchronize statutory regulations. In practice, the application of this model tends to be pragmatic and less democratic. This paper aimed to analyze the essential considerations and challenges of implementing the omnibus law model in Indonesia and the further relevance of applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the legislation. By combining doctrinal and socio-legal research, this paper demonstrated the potential for AI in optimizing the omnibus law model legislation. The results of this study indicated that AI could not immediately replace the role of legislative institutions and only acts as a tool and not as a determinant in the legislative process. There were two AI features that could assist legislative bodies in designing the omnibus law model. They were document review as a construction scanner for legislation and predictive analytics as a prediction system. Both could help legislative bodies in optimizing the omnibus law model, which tended to have a high complexity level. As a follow-up, it was expected that the government could create a special institution that focused on optimizing AI-based legislation.
KEYWORDS: Omnibus Law, Artificial Intelligence, Legislation, Public Participation.
References
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Barefoot, JA, “Disrupting Fintech Law” (2015) 18: 2 Fintech Law Reporter 1–18.
Binawan, Al Andang L & Al Andang, "Tracing the Logic of Legislation" (2005) 10: 3 Jentera Journal.
Buana, Mirza Satria, "Measuring the Concept of Omnibus Law and Consolidation Law for Harmonization of Indonesian Legislation: A Comparative Approach to Constitutional Law" (2017).
Center for Indonesian Law and Policy Studies (PSHK), Study of regulatory reform in Indonesia: issues and strategies for handling them (2019).
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Central Bureau of Statistics, “2019 Indonesian Youth Statistics” (2019) Jakarta: Central Bureau of Statistics.
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Čerka, Paulius, Jurgita Grigienė & Gintarė Sirbikytė, “Liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence” (2015) 31: 3 Computer Law & Security Review 376–389.
Chhatwal, Rishi, et al., Explainable Text Classification in Legal Document Review A Case Study of Explainable Predictive Coding (IEEE, 2018).
Chui, Wing Hong & Mike McConville, Research methods for law (Edinburgh University Press Edinburgh, 2007).
Djasmani, H Yacob, "Law as a Social Engineering Tool in Legal Practice in Indonesia" (2011) 40: 3 Legal Problems 365–374.
Donahue, Lauri, “A Primer on Using Artificial Intelligence in the Legal Profession” January 03, 2018.
Fagan, Frank & Saul Levmore, “The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Rules, Standards, and Judicial Discretion” (2019) 93 Southern California Law Review 1.
Fenwick, Mark, Wulf A Kaal & Erik PM Vermeulen, “Regulation Tomorrow: What Happens When Technology Is Faster Than the Law?” (2016) SSRN Journal, online:
Firdaus, Fahmi Ramadhan, "Prevention of Legislative Corruption through Strengthening Public Participation in the Process of Forming a Law" (2020) 17: 3 Indonesian Legislation Journal 282–293.
Flach, Peter, Machine Learning: The Art and Science of Algorithms That Make Sense of Data (London: Cambridge University Press, 2012).
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Indonesian Center for Law & Policy Studies, "Discussion of the Omnibus Bill on Job Creation Directly to the Panja: Trimmed Participation, Regulations Willed", (20 April 2020), online: pshk.or.id
Kaal, Wulf A, “Dynamic regulation for innovation” (2016) Perspectives in Law, Business & Innovation (Mark Fenwick, Wulf A Kaal, Toshiyuki Kono & Erik PM Vermeulen eds), New York Springer (2016) 16–22.
Kemp, Richard, “Legal aspects of artificial intelligence” (2016) 2 Kemp IT Law.
Komnas HAM, "Komnas HAM: Unaccountable and Participatory Omnibus Law Preparation," (January 31, 2020), online: National Commission on Human Rights-KOMNAS HAM
Kompas, "Complete Text of President Joko Widodo's Speech in the Inauguration of the 2019-2024 Period - JEO Kompas.com", online:
Kou, Gang, et al., "Machine Learning Methods for Systemic Risk Analysis in Financial Sectors" (2019) 25: 5 Technological and Economic Development of Economy 716–742.
Kristiyanto, Eko Noer, "The Urgency of the Omnibus Law in the Acceleration of Regulatory Reform in a Progressive Legal Perspective" (2020) 20: 2 De Jure Legal Research Journal 233–244.
Krutz, Glen S & Samuel C Patterson, Hitching a ride: Omnibus legislating in the US Congress (Ohio State University Press, 2001).
Kuswandi, "Jawapos.com," (November 03, 2020), online: Government Admits Technical Errors in the Job Creation Law
Maria Farida Indrati, Responding to Omnibus Law as the Sweep of the Universe Law (Djokosoetono Research Center and Department of State Administrative Law, Universitas Indonesia, 2020).
Marr, Bernard, "How AI And Machine Learning Are Transforming Law Firms And The Legal Sector," online: Forbes
Massicotte, Louis, “Omnibus Law in Theory and Practice” (2013) 36: 1 Canadian Parliamentary Review.
McGinnis, John O & Russell G Pearce, “The Great Disruption: How machine intelligence will transform the role of lawyers in the delivery of legal services” (2019) Actual Problems in Economic & Law.
MD, Mahfud, “Constitution and Law in Controversial Issues (2010) Rajawali Pers, Jakarta.
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Mikhaylov, Slava Jankin, Marc Esteve & Averill Campion, “Artificial intelligence for the public sector: opportunities and challenges of cross-sector collaboration” (2018) 376: 2128 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, online:
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National Development Planning Agency, “Ministry of National Development Planning," online:
Olivia, Denindah, “Legal Aspects of Artificial Intelligence on Automated Decision-Making in Indonesia” (2020) 7: 3 Lentera Hukum 301.
Organization For Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), "Better Regulation in the Netherlands" (2009) European Commission 112.
Pagallo, Ugo, The Laws of Robots (Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013).
Purawan, Akhmad Adi, "Corruption of Legislation in the Formation of Legislative Regulations" (2014) 3: 3 Rechtsvinding: Media of National Law Development 347–363.
Putri, Cantika Adinda, “DPR Top! 1,200 Articles of Omnibus Law Completed Through 64 Meetings", online: news
Razy, Muhammad Fakhrur & Muhammad Fedryansyah, "Conflict of Civil Society Movement and Government in the Process of Drafting the Omnibus Law Bill" (2020) 2: 2 Collaborative Journal of Conflict Resolution 74–85.
Rudin, Cynthia, "Stop explaining black-box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead" (2019) 1: 5 Nature Machine Intelligence 206–215.
Sagama, Suwardi, "Analysis of the Concept of Justice, Legal Certainty and Benefit in Environmental Management" (2016) 15: 1 Mazahib 20–41.
Schwab, Klaus, "The Global Competitiveness Report 2019" (2019) World Economic Forum.
Sihombing, Eka NAM & Muhammad Yusrizal Adi Syaputra, "Implementation of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Forming Regional Regulations" (2020) 14: 3 Scientific Journal of Legal Policy 419–434.
Surden, Harry, “Artificial intelligence and law: An overview” (2019) 35: 4 Georgia State University Law Review 19–22.
Suriadinata, Vincent, "Formulation of Laws in the Investment Sector: Study of the Formation of Omnibus Law in Indonesia" (2019) 4: 1 Reflection on Law: Journal of Legal Studies 115–132.
Syakriah, Ardila & Budi Sutrisno, "'Fatal' errors found as Job Creation Law enters into force," online: The Jakarta Post
Ulum, Muhammad Bahrul, “Indonesian Democracy and Political Parties After Twenty Years of Reformation: A Contextual Analysis” (2020) 10:1 Indonesia Law Review.
Umbara, Deni, Jum Hermanto & Franky Ariyadi, “Community Pro-Contra Project For The Presence Of The Omnibus Law Bill In Legal Sociology Perspective” (2020) 4: 2 Legal Standing: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 168-173.
Vereinte Nationen, ed, United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts (New York: United Nations, 2007).
Wang, Ran, “Legal technology in contemporary USA and China” (2020) 39 Computer Law & Security Review.
Wendel, W Bradley, “The Promise and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence in The Practice of Law” (2019) 72:21 Oklahoma Law Rev 21–49.
World Bank (Washington, District of Columbia), ed, Doing business 2020, Doing business (Washington: World Bank Group, 2019).
Yudho, Winarno & Heri Tjandrasari, “Legal Effectiveness in Society” (2017) 17: 1 Journal of Law & Development 57–63.
Yudoprakoso, Paulus Wisnu, "Artificial Intelligence as a Tool for the Formulation of Laws in Facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 in Indonesia" (2019) 1: 1 Indonesian Legal Symposium 450–461.
Published
2021-03-03
How to Cite
PRIAMBUDI, Zaki; PAPUANI, Namira Hilda; ISKANDAR, Ramdhan Prawira Mulya.
Optimizing Omnibus Law in Indonesia: A Legal Enquiry on the Use of Artificial Intelligence for Legislative Drafting.
Indonesian Journal of Law and Society, [S.l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. 79-104, mar. 2021.
ISSN 2722-4074.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/ijls/article/view/21787>. Date accessed: 22 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/ijls.v2i1.21787.
Section
Articles
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