Effectiveness of Educational Intervention on Developmental Risk Mitigation Strategies in Toddlers Using The Denver Developmental Screening Test
Abstract
Early childhood development is crucial for a child's future. Developmental delays can have long-lasting consequences, emphasizing the importance of early detection and intervention. This study aimed to enhance caregivers' knowledge and skills using the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) to identify potential developmental delays in toddlers in Sleman, Yogyakarta. A quasi-experimental design was applied with a pre-test and post-test to evaluate changes in caregivers' knowledge across key areas, including a basic understanding of DDST, its purpose and function, timing and method of administration, and strategies for mitigating developmental risks. Data were collected through a structured knowledge-based questionnaire measuring caregivers' familiarity with these domains before and after an educational intervention. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed a significant increase in caregivers' knowledge scores post-intervention, particularly in understanding the purpose, function, and practical application of DDST (p = 0.046). Moreover, caregivers reported increased confidence in using the DDST to monitor their child's development. These findings highlight the effectiveness of educational interventions in improving caregivers' knowledge and skills in using the DDST. However, further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of such interventions and examine the findings' generalizability to other settings.References
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Salomone, E., Pacione, L., Shire, S., Brown, F.L., Reichow, B., Servili, C., 2019. Development of the WHO Caregiver Skills Training Program for Developmental Disorders or Delays. Front. Psychiatry 10, 769. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00769
Scharf, R.J., Scharf, G.J., Stroustrup, A., 2016. Developmental Milestones. Pediatrics In Review 37, 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2014-0103
Widaryanti, R., Muflih, M., Rahmayanti, D.R., 2024. Improving Health Independence with a Family-Based Complementary Therapy Approach. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 8.
Widyawati, Y., Scholte, R.H.J., Kleemans, T., Otten, R., 2021. Positive parenting and its mediating role in the relationship between parental resilience and quality of life in children with developmental disabilities in Java Island, Indonesia. Research in Developmental Disabilities 112, 103911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103911
Zablotsky, B., Black, L.I., Maenner, M.J., Schieve, L.A., Danielson, M.L., Bitsko, R.H., Blumberg, S.J., Kogan, M.D., Boyle, C.A., 2019. Prevalence and Trends of Developmental Disabilities among Children in the United States: 2009–2017. Pediatrics 144, e20190811. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0811
Burkhart, K., Asogwa, K., Muzaffar, N., Gabriel, M., 2020. Pediatric Integrated Care Models: A Systematic Review. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 59, 148–153. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922819890004
Choo, Y., Agarwal, P., How, C., Yeleswarapu, S., 2019. Developmental delay: identification and management at primary care level. smedj 60, 119–123. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2019025
D’Amen, B., Socci, M., Santini, S., 2021. Intergenerational caring: a systematic literature review on young and young adult caregivers of older people. BMC Geriatr 21, 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01976-z
Darling-Hammond, L., Flook, L., Cook-Harvey, C., Barron, B., Osher, D., 2020. Implications for educational practice of the science of learning and development. Applied Developmental Science 24, 97–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1537791
Faruk, T., King, C., Muhit, M., Islam, M.K., Jahan, I., Baset, K.U., Badawi, N., Khandaker, G., 2020. Screening tools for early identification of children with developmental delay in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMJ Open 10, e038182. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038182
Gmmash, A.S., Faquih, N.O., 2022. Perceptions of Healthcare Providers and Caregivers Regarding Procedures for Early Detection of Developmental Delays in Infants and Toddlers in Saudi Arabia. Children 9, 1753. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9111753
Kemmis-Riggs, J., Dickes, A., McAloon, J., 2018. Program Components of Psychosocial Interventions in Foster and Kinship Care: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 21, 13–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-017-0247-0
Khalil, M.K., Elkhider, I.A., 2016. Applying learning theories and instructional design models for effective instruction. Advances in Physiology Education 40, 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00138.2015
Kim, S., 2022. Worldwide National Intervention of Developmental Screening Programs in Infant and Early Childhood. Clin Exp Pediatr 65, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00248
Kumar, P., Subashini, S.P., 2024. Utility of the Denver Developmental Screening Test-II (DDST-II): Systematic Review. AJBR 27, 1971–1974. https://doi.org/10.53555/AJBR.v27i3S.2494
Lipkin, P.H., Macias, M.M., Baer Chen, B., Coury, D., Gottschlich, E.A., Hyman, S.L., Sisk, B., Wolfe, A., Levy, S.E., 2020a. Trends in Pediatricians’ Developmental Screening: 2002–2016. Pediatrics 145, e20190851. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0851
Lipkin, P.H., Macias, M.M., Norwood, K.W., Brei, T.J., Davidson, L.F., Davis, B.E., Ellerbeck, K.A., Houtrow, A.J., Hyman, S.L., Kuo, D.Z., Noritz, G.H., Yin, L., Murphy, N.A., Levy, S.E., Weitzman, C.C., Bauer, N.S., Childers Jr, D.O., Levine, J.M., Peralta-Carcelen, A.M., Smith, P.J., Blum, N.L., Contompasis, S.H., Korb, D.R., McGuinn, L.J., Voigt, R.G., 2020b. Promoting Optimal Development: Identifying Infants and Young Children With Developmental Disorders Through Developmental Surveillance and Screening. Pediatrics 145, e20193449. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-3449
Lotty, M., Dunn-Galvin, A., Bantry-White, E., 2020. Effectiveness of a trauma-informed care psychoeducational program for foster carers – Evaluation of the Fostering Connections Program. Child Abuse & Neglect 102, 104390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104390
Lucas, J.E., Richter, L.M., Daelmans, B., 2018. Care for Child Development: an intervention in support of responsive caregiving and early child development. Child 44, 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12544
Metwally, A.M., Abdallah, A.M., El-Din, E.M.S., Zeid, D.A., Khadr, Z., Elshaarawy, G.A., Elkhatib, A.A., Elsaied, A., Ashaat, E.A., Elghareeb, N.A., Abdou, M.H., Fathy, A.M., Eldeeb, S.E., AbdAllah, M., Soliman, M.A., El Banna, R.A.S., Hassanein, A.K., Rabah, T.M., Abdelrahman, M., Sallam, S.F., 2023. Screening and determinant of suspected developmental delays among Egyptian preschool-aged children: a cross-sectional national community-based study. BMC Pediatr 23, 521. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04335-0
Meylia, K.N., Siswati, T., Paramashanti, B.A., Hati, F.S., 2022. Fine motor, gross motor, and social independence skills among stunted and non-stunted children. Early Child Development and Care 192, 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2020.1739028
Nahmias, A.S., Pellecchia, M., Stahmer, A.C., Mandell, D.S., 2019. Effectiveness of community‐based early intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder: a meta‐analysis. Child Psychology Psychiatry 60, 1200–1209. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13073
Nickel, S., Von Dem Knesebeck, O., 2020. Effectiveness of Community-Based Health Promotion Interventions in Urban Areas: A Systematic Review. J Community Health 45, 419–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-019-00733-7
Olusanya, B.O., Davis, A.C., Wertlieb, D., Boo, N.-Y., Nair, M.K.C., Halpern, R., Kuper, H., Breinbauer, C., De Vries, P.J., Gladstone, M., Halfon, N., Kancherla, V., Mulaudzi, M.C., Kakooza-Mwesige, A., Ogbo, F.A., Olusanya, J.O., Williams, A.N., Wright, S.M., Manguerra, H., Smith, A., Echko, M., Ikeda, C., Liu, A., Millear, A., Ballesteros, K., Nichols, E., Erskine, H.E., Santomauro, D., Rankin, Z., Smith, M., Whiteford, H.A., Olsen, H.E., Kassebaum, N.J., 2018. Developmental disabilities among children younger than 5 years in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Global Health 6, e1100–e1121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30309-7
Salazar, A.M., Haggerty, K.P., Roe, S.S., 2016. Fostering Higher Education: A postsecondary access and retention intervention for youth with foster care experience. Children and Youth Services Review 70, 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.008
Salomone, E., Pacione, L., Shire, S., Brown, F.L., Reichow, B., Servili, C., 2019. Development of the WHO Caregiver Skills Training Program for Developmental Disorders or Delays. Front. Psychiatry 10, 769. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00769
Scharf, R.J., Scharf, G.J., Stroustrup, A., 2016. Developmental Milestones. Pediatrics In Review 37, 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2014-0103
Widaryanti, R., Muflih, M., Rahmayanti, D.R., 2024. Improving Health Independence with a Family-Based Complementary Therapy Approach. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 8.
Widyawati, Y., Scholte, R.H.J., Kleemans, T., Otten, R., 2021. Positive parenting and its mediating role in the relationship between parental resilience and quality of life in children with developmental disabilities in Java Island, Indonesia. Research in Developmental Disabilities 112, 103911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103911
Zablotsky, B., Black, L.I., Maenner, M.J., Schieve, L.A., Danielson, M.L., Bitsko, R.H., Blumberg, S.J., Kogan, M.D., Boyle, C.A., 2019. Prevalence and Trends of Developmental Disabilities among Children in the United States: 2009–2017. Pediatrics 144, e20190811. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0811
Published
2024-12-06
How to Cite
FITRIANA, Lala Budi et al.
Effectiveness of Educational Intervention on Developmental Risk Mitigation Strategies in Toddlers Using The Denver Developmental Screening Test.
NurseLine Journal, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 2, p. 155-163, dec. 2024.
ISSN 2541-464X.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/NLJ/article/view/53370>. Date accessed: 21 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/nlj.v9i2.53370.
Section
Articles
