The Effect of Moringa oleifera (Lam) Leaf Extracts on Growth of Chicken Embryo Induced by Alkohol
Abstract
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a condition associated with drinking alcohol during pregnancy and affect embryo development. FAS is the most common congenital disabilities in the world. The effects of FAS are mental retardation, cranial abnormalities, and heart defects. Moringa oleifera is a highly valued plant. It has an impressive range of biological activities, including antioxidant, antiproliferation, and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to assess the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts in inhibiting growth retardation of chicken embryo growth induced by alcohol. The study was a true experimental design with posttest controlled group design. There were five groups with 5 of chicken embryo each group. The treatments contained 15% alcohol and aquadest as positive control (P+), without alcohol as negative control (P-), P0.5 (0,5g/dl), P5 (5g/dl), P50 (50g/dl) by adding Moringa oleifera leaf extracts, respectively. Moringa oleifera leaf extracts showed the improvement of length and head diameter as a benchmark for chicken embryo development with P5 concentration showed the best results to overcome growth retardation in alcohol-induced chicken embryos. This finding implies against possibility Moringa oleifera leaf extracts can be alternative medicine to prevent growth retardation.
References
Allen Y. Chen dan Yi Charlie Chen. 2013. A Review of The Dietary Flavonoid, Kaempferol on Human Health and Cancer Chemoprevention. Food Chem. 2013 Jun 15; 138(4): 2099–2107.
Aminah, S., Ramdhan, T., dan Yanis, M. 2015. Kandungan nutrisi dan sifat fungsional tanaman kelor (Moringa oleifera). Buletin Pertanian Perkotaan. 5: 35-44.
Amzu, E. 2015. Kampung Konservasi Kelor: Upaya Mendukung Gerakan Nasional Sadar Gizi dan Mengatasi Malnutrisi di Indonesia. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan: Rumusan Kajian Strategis Bidang Pertanian dan Lingkungan. 1: 86-91.
Azwanida, N. N. 2015. A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation. Medical Aromatic Plants. 4(3): 3-8.
Bellairs, R. Dan Osmond, M., 2014. Atlas of Chick Development. Elsevier.
Calderón-Montaño J.M., Burgos-Morón E., Pérez-Guerrero C., dan López-Lázaro M. 2011. A Review on the Dietary Flavonoid Kaempferol. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 11, 298-344.
Carly Tavares. 2015. The Effects of Chick Embryos Exposed to Alcohol Show a Slower Growth Rate in Body Length. Bio254 Developmental biology.
Chaudhuri, J. D. 2006. Effect of a Single Dose of Ethanol on Developing Peripheral Nerve of Chick Embryos. European Journal of Anatomy. 10(2): 53-60.
Chuang, P. H., Lee, C. W., Chou, J. Y., Murugan, M., Shieh, B. J., dan Chen, H. M, 2007. Anti-Fungal Activity Of Crude Extracts And Essential Oil of Moringa oleifera Lam. Bioresource technology.. 98(1): 232-236.
Crespo, P. dan Casar, B. 2016. The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as an in vivo Model to Study Metastasis. Bio-protocol. 6: 1962.
C. Debier dan Y. Larondelle. 2005. “Vitamins A and E: metabolism, roles and transfer to offspring,” British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 153–174.
Dangi, S. Y., Jolly, C. I., dan Narayanan, S. 2002. Antihypertensive Activity of the Total Alkaloids from the Leaves of Moringa oleifera. Pharmaceutical biology. 40(2): 144-148.
Das, M., Basu, S., Banerjee, B., Sen, A., Jana, K., dan Datta, G. 2018. Hepatoprotective Effects of Green Capsicum Annum Against Ethanol Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 227: 69-81.
Dean P. Jones dan Helmut Sies. 2015. The Redox Code. Volume 00, number 00.
Denis L. Viljoen, M.D., J. Phillip Gossage, PH.D., Lesley Brooke, B.S. (HONS.), Colleen M. Adnams, M.D., F.C.P., Kenneth L. Jones, M.D., Luther K. Robinson, M.D., H. Eugene Hoyme, M.D., Cudore Snell, D.S.W., Nathaniel C.O. Khaole, M.D., Piyadasa Kodituwakku, PH.D., Kwadwo Ohene Asante, M.D., Richard Findlay, M.D., Barbara Quinton, M.D., Anna-Susan Marais, R.N., Wendy O. Kalberg, M.A., CED, and Philip A. May, PH.D. 2005. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Epidemiology in a South African Community: A Second Study of a Very High Prevalence Area. J Stud Alcohol. 2005 Sep; 66(5): 593–604.
Dennery P. A. 2010. Oxidative Stress in Development: Nature or Nurture?. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1147–1151.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2008. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2007. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan.
Doaa, M. M., Enas, A., Hassan, A. H. S., dan Fatma, A. 2013. Dynamics of Liver Development in Dandarawi Chicken. Journal of World's Poultry Research. 3: 73-79.
Ganatra Tejas H., Joshi Umang H., Bhalodia Payal N., Desai Tusharbindu R., Tirgar Pravin R. 2012. A Panoramic View on Pharmacognostic, Pharmacological, Nutritional, Therapeutic and Prophylactic Values of Moringa oleifera Lam. IRJP 2012,3.
Hariyati, S. 2005. Standardisasi Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia. Salah Satu Tahapan Penting dalam Pengembangan Obat Asli Indonesia, Info POM. 6(4): 1-5.
Hendri, A. H. Y. dan Setyawati, T. R. 2017. Tingkat Kerusakan Hepatosit Mencit yang Diinduksi Alkohol 40%. Protobiont. 6(1): 15-19.
Hill, M. A. 2018. The Early Embryology of the Chick 13. https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Book__The_Early_Embryology_of_the_Chick_13 (Akses 23 November 2018)
Isnan, W. dan Muin, N. 2017 Ragam Manfaat Tanaman Kelor (Moringa oleiifera Lamk.) bagi Masyarakat. Info Teknis EBONI. 14: 63-75
Janet F. Williams, MD, FAAP, Vincent C. Smith, MD, MPH, FAAP. 2015. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. American Academy of Pediatrics: Volume 136, number 5.
Jones D. P. dan Sies H. 2015. The redox code. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 734–746.
J. W. Lee dan J. M. Davis. 2011. “Future applications of antioxidants in premature infants,” Current Opinion in Pediatrics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 161–166.
Kurantowicz, N., Sawosz, E., Halik, G., Strojny, B., Hotowy, A., Grodzik, M., Piast, R., Pasanphan, W., dan Chwalibog, A. 2017. Toxicity Studies of Six Types of Carbon Nanoparticles in a Chicken-Embryo Model. International journal of nanomedicine. 12: 2887.
Laghari, Z. A., Samo, A. A., Waryani, B., Palh, Z. A., dan Hussain, K. 2015. Effects of a Single Dose of Ethanol on Survival Rate and Angiogenesis of Chick Embryo. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3(1): 8-11
Leone A., Spada A., Battezzati A., Schiraldi A., Aristil J., Bertoli S. Cultivation, genetic, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Leaves: An overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015;16:12791–12835. doi: 10.3390/ijms160612791
Luo J., Miller M. W. Growth factor-mediated neural proliferation: Target of ethanol toxicity. Brain Research: Brain Research Reviews. 1998;27:157–167.
Mittal, A., Sharma, M., David, A., Vishwakarma, P., Saini, M., Goel, M., dan Saxena, K. K. 2017. An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Animal Models. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. Vol. 6(2): 452-457.
Mukherjee, R., Hollins, S., dan Turk, J. 2006. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: an overview. Journal of Royal Society of Medicine 99: 298-302.
Muriel, P. 2009. Role of Free Radicals in Liver Diseases. Hepatology international. 3(4): 526-536.
Shi Hyoung Kim, Jae Gwang Park, Jongsung Lee, Woo Seok Yang, Gye Won Park, Han Gyung Kim, Young-Su Yi, Kwang-Soo Baek, Nak Yoon Sung, Muhammad Jahangir Hossen, Mi-nam Lee, Jong-Hoon Kim, and Jae Youl Cho. 2015. The Dietary Flavonoid Kaempferol Mediates Anti-Inflammatory Responses via the Src, Syk, IRAK1, and IRAK4 Molecular Targets. Volume 2015, Article ID 904142, 15 pages.
Sies H., Berndt C., dan Jones D. P. 2017. Oxidative stress. Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 715–748.
Sies H. dan Jones D. P. 2007. Oxidative stress. in Encyclopedia of Stress, G. Fink, Ed., vol. 3, pp. 45–48, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2nd edition.
Setyawan, D. 2015. KPAI : Pola Konsumsi Miras Dikalangan Remaja Meningkat. http://www.kpai.go.id/berita/kpai-pola-konsumsi-miras-dikalangan-remaja-meningkat (akses 23 November 2018)
Suksaweang, S., Lin, C. M., Jiang, T.X., Hughes, M. W., Widelitz, R. B., dan Chuong, C. M. 2004. Morphogenesis of Chicken Liver: Identification of Localized Growth Zones and the Role of β-Catenin/Wnt in Size Regulation. Developmental biology. 266(1): 109-122.
Susanty, S. dan Bachmid, F., 2016. Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi dan Refluks terhadap Kadar Fenolik dari Ekstrak Tongkol Jagung (Zea Mays L.). Jurnal Konversi. 5(2): 87-92.
Timme-Laragy A. R., Hahn M. E., Hansen J. M., Rastogi A., and Roy M. A. 2018. Redox Stress and Signaling During Vertebrate Embryonic Development: Regulation and Responses. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, vol. 80, pp. 17–28.
Tribunkaltim. 2015. Daun Kelor, Sayur Asli Indonesia yang Ampuh Mengobati Penyakit Ganas. http://kaltim.tribunnews.com/2015/10/14/daun-kelor-sayur-asli-indonesia-yang-ampuh-mengobati-penyakit-ganas. (Akses 23 November 2018 )
UNICEF. 2015. Maternal an newborn Health disparities Indonesia. https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/country_profiles/Indonesia/country%20profile_IDN.pdf.
Vergara-Jimenez, M., Almatrafi, M. M., dan Fernandez, M. L. 2017. Bioactive Components in Moringa Oleifera Leaves Protect Against Chronic Disease. Antioxidants. 6(4): 91.
Wang L., Tu Y. C., Lian T. W., Hung J. T., Yen J. H., & Wu M. J. (2006). Distinctive antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of flavonols. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 54(26), 9798–804.
Warin, S. 2009. Embryonic Development, Day by Day. http://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/1459/embryonic-development-day-by-day/ (Akses 8 oktober 2018 ).
Wikipedia. 2018. Kelor . https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelor (akses 23 November 2018)
Wong, G. K. and Cavey, M. J. 1992. Development of the Liver in the Chicken Embryo. I. Hepatic Cords and Sinusoids. The Anatomical Record. 234(4): 555-567.
Yokouchi, Y., 2005. Establishment of a Chick Embryo Model for Analyzing Liver Development and a Search for Candidate Genes. Development, Growth & Differentiation. 47(6): 357-366.
Zakhari, S. 2006. Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body?. Alcohol Research. 29(4): 245.
Aminah, S., Ramdhan, T., dan Yanis, M. 2015. Kandungan nutrisi dan sifat fungsional tanaman kelor (Moringa oleifera). Buletin Pertanian Perkotaan. 5: 35-44.
Amzu, E. 2015. Kampung Konservasi Kelor: Upaya Mendukung Gerakan Nasional Sadar Gizi dan Mengatasi Malnutrisi di Indonesia. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan: Rumusan Kajian Strategis Bidang Pertanian dan Lingkungan. 1: 86-91.
Azwanida, N. N. 2015. A Review on the Extraction Methods Use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation. Medical Aromatic Plants. 4(3): 3-8.
Bellairs, R. Dan Osmond, M., 2014. Atlas of Chick Development. Elsevier.
Calderón-Montaño J.M., Burgos-Morón E., Pérez-Guerrero C., dan López-Lázaro M. 2011. A Review on the Dietary Flavonoid Kaempferol. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 2011, 11, 298-344.
Carly Tavares. 2015. The Effects of Chick Embryos Exposed to Alcohol Show a Slower Growth Rate in Body Length. Bio254 Developmental biology.
Chaudhuri, J. D. 2006. Effect of a Single Dose of Ethanol on Developing Peripheral Nerve of Chick Embryos. European Journal of Anatomy. 10(2): 53-60.
Chuang, P. H., Lee, C. W., Chou, J. Y., Murugan, M., Shieh, B. J., dan Chen, H. M, 2007. Anti-Fungal Activity Of Crude Extracts And Essential Oil of Moringa oleifera Lam. Bioresource technology.. 98(1): 232-236.
Crespo, P. dan Casar, B. 2016. The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as an in vivo Model to Study Metastasis. Bio-protocol. 6: 1962.
C. Debier dan Y. Larondelle. 2005. “Vitamins A and E: metabolism, roles and transfer to offspring,” British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 153–174.
Dangi, S. Y., Jolly, C. I., dan Narayanan, S. 2002. Antihypertensive Activity of the Total Alkaloids from the Leaves of Moringa oleifera. Pharmaceutical biology. 40(2): 144-148.
Das, M., Basu, S., Banerjee, B., Sen, A., Jana, K., dan Datta, G. 2018. Hepatoprotective Effects of Green Capsicum Annum Against Ethanol Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 227: 69-81.
Dean P. Jones dan Helmut Sies. 2015. The Redox Code. Volume 00, number 00.
Denis L. Viljoen, M.D., J. Phillip Gossage, PH.D., Lesley Brooke, B.S. (HONS.), Colleen M. Adnams, M.D., F.C.P., Kenneth L. Jones, M.D., Luther K. Robinson, M.D., H. Eugene Hoyme, M.D., Cudore Snell, D.S.W., Nathaniel C.O. Khaole, M.D., Piyadasa Kodituwakku, PH.D., Kwadwo Ohene Asante, M.D., Richard Findlay, M.D., Barbara Quinton, M.D., Anna-Susan Marais, R.N., Wendy O. Kalberg, M.A., CED, and Philip A. May, PH.D. 2005. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Epidemiology in a South African Community: A Second Study of a Very High Prevalence Area. J Stud Alcohol. 2005 Sep; 66(5): 593–604.
Dennery P. A. 2010. Oxidative Stress in Development: Nature or Nurture?. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1147–1151.
Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2008. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2007. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan.
Doaa, M. M., Enas, A., Hassan, A. H. S., dan Fatma, A. 2013. Dynamics of Liver Development in Dandarawi Chicken. Journal of World's Poultry Research. 3: 73-79.
Ganatra Tejas H., Joshi Umang H., Bhalodia Payal N., Desai Tusharbindu R., Tirgar Pravin R. 2012. A Panoramic View on Pharmacognostic, Pharmacological, Nutritional, Therapeutic and Prophylactic Values of Moringa oleifera Lam. IRJP 2012,3.
Hariyati, S. 2005. Standardisasi Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia. Salah Satu Tahapan Penting dalam Pengembangan Obat Asli Indonesia, Info POM. 6(4): 1-5.
Hendri, A. H. Y. dan Setyawati, T. R. 2017. Tingkat Kerusakan Hepatosit Mencit yang Diinduksi Alkohol 40%. Protobiont. 6(1): 15-19.
Hill, M. A. 2018. The Early Embryology of the Chick 13. https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Book__The_Early_Embryology_of_the_Chick_13 (Akses 23 November 2018)
Isnan, W. dan Muin, N. 2017 Ragam Manfaat Tanaman Kelor (Moringa oleiifera Lamk.) bagi Masyarakat. Info Teknis EBONI. 14: 63-75
Janet F. Williams, MD, FAAP, Vincent C. Smith, MD, MPH, FAAP. 2015. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. American Academy of Pediatrics: Volume 136, number 5.
Jones D. P. dan Sies H. 2015. The redox code. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 734–746.
J. W. Lee dan J. M. Davis. 2011. “Future applications of antioxidants in premature infants,” Current Opinion in Pediatrics, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 161–166.
Kurantowicz, N., Sawosz, E., Halik, G., Strojny, B., Hotowy, A., Grodzik, M., Piast, R., Pasanphan, W., dan Chwalibog, A. 2017. Toxicity Studies of Six Types of Carbon Nanoparticles in a Chicken-Embryo Model. International journal of nanomedicine. 12: 2887.
Laghari, Z. A., Samo, A. A., Waryani, B., Palh, Z. A., dan Hussain, K. 2015. Effects of a Single Dose of Ethanol on Survival Rate and Angiogenesis of Chick Embryo. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3(1): 8-11
Leone A., Spada A., Battezzati A., Schiraldi A., Aristil J., Bertoli S. Cultivation, genetic, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Leaves: An overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015;16:12791–12835. doi: 10.3390/ijms160612791
Luo J., Miller M. W. Growth factor-mediated neural proliferation: Target of ethanol toxicity. Brain Research: Brain Research Reviews. 1998;27:157–167.
Mittal, A., Sharma, M., David, A., Vishwakarma, P., Saini, M., Goel, M., dan Saxena, K. K. 2017. An Experimental Study to Evaluate the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Animal Models. International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology. Vol. 6(2): 452-457.
Mukherjee, R., Hollins, S., dan Turk, J. 2006. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder: an overview. Journal of Royal Society of Medicine 99: 298-302.
Muriel, P. 2009. Role of Free Radicals in Liver Diseases. Hepatology international. 3(4): 526-536.
Shi Hyoung Kim, Jae Gwang Park, Jongsung Lee, Woo Seok Yang, Gye Won Park, Han Gyung Kim, Young-Su Yi, Kwang-Soo Baek, Nak Yoon Sung, Muhammad Jahangir Hossen, Mi-nam Lee, Jong-Hoon Kim, and Jae Youl Cho. 2015. The Dietary Flavonoid Kaempferol Mediates Anti-Inflammatory Responses via the Src, Syk, IRAK1, and IRAK4 Molecular Targets. Volume 2015, Article ID 904142, 15 pages.
Sies H., Berndt C., dan Jones D. P. 2017. Oxidative stress. Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 715–748.
Sies H. dan Jones D. P. 2007. Oxidative stress. in Encyclopedia of Stress, G. Fink, Ed., vol. 3, pp. 45–48, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2nd edition.
Setyawan, D. 2015. KPAI : Pola Konsumsi Miras Dikalangan Remaja Meningkat. http://www.kpai.go.id/berita/kpai-pola-konsumsi-miras-dikalangan-remaja-meningkat (akses 23 November 2018)
Suksaweang, S., Lin, C. M., Jiang, T.X., Hughes, M. W., Widelitz, R. B., dan Chuong, C. M. 2004. Morphogenesis of Chicken Liver: Identification of Localized Growth Zones and the Role of β-Catenin/Wnt in Size Regulation. Developmental biology. 266(1): 109-122.
Susanty, S. dan Bachmid, F., 2016. Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Maserasi dan Refluks terhadap Kadar Fenolik dari Ekstrak Tongkol Jagung (Zea Mays L.). Jurnal Konversi. 5(2): 87-92.
Timme-Laragy A. R., Hahn M. E., Hansen J. M., Rastogi A., and Roy M. A. 2018. Redox Stress and Signaling During Vertebrate Embryonic Development: Regulation and Responses. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, vol. 80, pp. 17–28.
Tribunkaltim. 2015. Daun Kelor, Sayur Asli Indonesia yang Ampuh Mengobati Penyakit Ganas. http://kaltim.tribunnews.com/2015/10/14/daun-kelor-sayur-asli-indonesia-yang-ampuh-mengobati-penyakit-ganas. (Akses 23 November 2018 )
UNICEF. 2015. Maternal an newborn Health disparities Indonesia. https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/country_profiles/Indonesia/country%20profile_IDN.pdf.
Vergara-Jimenez, M., Almatrafi, M. M., dan Fernandez, M. L. 2017. Bioactive Components in Moringa Oleifera Leaves Protect Against Chronic Disease. Antioxidants. 6(4): 91.
Wang L., Tu Y. C., Lian T. W., Hung J. T., Yen J. H., & Wu M. J. (2006). Distinctive antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of flavonols. Journal of Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 54(26), 9798–804.
Warin, S. 2009. Embryonic Development, Day by Day. http://www.thepoultrysite.com/articles/1459/embryonic-development-day-by-day/ (Akses 8 oktober 2018 ).
Wikipedia. 2018. Kelor . https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelor (akses 23 November 2018)
Wong, G. K. and Cavey, M. J. 1992. Development of the Liver in the Chicken Embryo. I. Hepatic Cords and Sinusoids. The Anatomical Record. 234(4): 555-567.
Yokouchi, Y., 2005. Establishment of a Chick Embryo Model for Analyzing Liver Development and a Search for Candidate Genes. Development, Growth & Differentiation. 47(6): 357-366.
Zakhari, S. 2006. Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body?. Alcohol Research. 29(4): 245.
Published
2019-07-04
How to Cite
WARDANI, Indah Kusuma; SURYONO, Suryono.
The Effect of Moringa oleifera (Lam) Leaf Extracts on Growth of Chicken Embryo Induced by Alkohol.
NurseLine Journal, [S.l.], v. 4, n. 1, p. 61-67, july 2019.
ISSN 2541-464X.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/NLJ/article/view/11278>. Date accessed: 05 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/nlj.v4i1.11278.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
