FAMILY-BASED MODEL OF CHILDREN'S SEXUAL ABUSE AND VIOLENCE PREVENTION USING MATERNAL RESPONSIVENESS METHOD AT JEMBER REGENCY

The high rate of sexual violence against children means that children in Indonesia are at risk of becoming victims of child sexual abuse and violence. The growth and development of children are related to the family's condition, including their parents, father and mother. One of the many health outcomes associated with maternal responsiveness is cognitive and psychosocial effects, where maternal responsiveness greatly influences child development. This study is to develop a community-based model for preventing child sexual abuse and violence with the maternal responsiveness method in realizing a healthy Jember Regency. This study used an observational analytic research design with a cross-sectional study. The population in this study were people in Rambipuji District with families who had children who were victims of sexual violence. The sample size was calculated based on the rule of thumb formula in SEM, resulting in 118 respondents. The sample was determined by using a multistage random sampling technique with the sampling stage from sub-districts to clusters or RT (Rukun Tetangga) data. Analysis in this study used descriptive statistical tests in SPSS software and multivariate tests, namely logistic regression in SPSS software. Data analysis used univariate analysis and multivariate analysis using a logistic regression test. Maternal factors in the good category affected responsiveness by 26,750 times compared to the factors of the bad category. Based on the results of the study, the results showed that children's factors consisting, of children's health status, gross motor system, fine motor systems, and children's socialization in language affected preventing children from sexual violence, namely children, mentally healthy and socially healthy. The majority of respondents are 26-45 years old, highly educated, work, and Javanese. The results of multivariate analysis using logistic regression show that there is an influence between maternal factors' responsiveness and there is an influence between child factors and the avoidance of children from sexual violence.


BACKGROUND
The number of cases of sexual violence and harassment is something that cannot be tolerated. Every time, there are almost always the latest cases that appear in various regions. A more concerning case is that the majority of victims are minors. This is certainly very sad to add if there must be more victims. Various research and studies have found that multiple factors are the link in cases of sexual violence against children. Therefore, a comprehensive effort or strategy is needed in dealing with this matter.
Protecting children from sexual violence is not only the duty of parents or teachers at school. The roles of various parties are needed so that preventive measures can run optimally. Parents, as a medium for learning for the first time, play a crucial role in for learning for the first time, play a crucial role in shaping children's character, including sexual orientation. Amid the challenges of the times with sophisticated online information technology, media and gadgets also have a considerable influence in shaping the child's identity. This is exacerbated by the appearance of sexual behavior that is out of bounds (read: LGBT behavior) that is openly appearing in the media, and the rampant cases of violence and sexual abuse against children make us parents have to "extra" protect our children from the impact.
The growth and development of children are related to the family's condition, including their parents, namely their father and mother. In the family, some mothers play a significant role in the growth and development of their children. In China, the role of mothers is vital for positive parenting practices and child development (Holroyd, 2007). It is hoped that proper parenting style can shape our children to become strong, healthy and dignified individuals sexually and socially. In addition, children must also be equipped with an understanding of themselves so that tequipped with an understanding of themselves so that hey can protect themselves from threats from strangers who are perpetrators of sexual abuse and violence to children. This is very important considering the huge impact of the development of information technology (gadgets and social media) on the mindset and development of children today, where access to information and viewing pornography and violence is easy for them to get. Not to mention the phenomena of increasingly free sex and drug varied in terms of cases and modes, primarily targeting children and adolescents.
KPAI data records related to cases of violence against children are still a big problem (Erlinda, 2014 (Republika.co.id., 2018). Arist Merdeka Sirait, the chairman of the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), also explained that sexual violence against children often occurs and assesses that Indonesia has entered an emergency of child sexual violence (Jawa Pos, 2017). The high rate of sexual violence against children is proven based on reports of total cases of children as perpetrators of violence from 2011 to 2016, with a total of 2096 cases, with 21.4% physical violence, 6.1% psychological violence, and 72.5% sexual violence. Cases of sexual violence against children were also evidenced by data on 3218 children as victims of sexual violence. The highest percentage of sexual victims was 62.1%, with 29.5% of cases of physical violence and 8.4% of psychological violence (KPAI, 2016). KPAI commissioner Jasra Putra stated that KPAI had found 218 cases of sexual violence against children in 2015, 120 cases in 2016 and 116 cases in 2017 (KPAI, 2017). This condition shows that children in Indonesia are faced with the risk of becoming victims of sexual abuse and violence against children, which takes early anticipation, especially from the family.
From the above conditions, it is necessary to have comprehensive efforts involving the family, namely the parents. Parents have a very high role in the growth and development of their children. One of the roles of parents is that responsive parenting can lead to increased survival, growth, and disease protection. Cognitive and psychosocial effects are among the many health outcomes associated with maternal response. Maternal responsiveness greatly influences child development.

METHODS
This study used an observational analytic study design with a cross-sectional study design. The stages of this research consisted of stage 1: Identification and analysis of factors that are indicators of the role of the family and the support of health services in the community. The aim is to determine the indicators of the role of the family and the support of health services in the community, which are then developed as a model in increasing mothers' responsiveness in preventing child sexual abuse and violence. Stage 2: Comparing indicators of family roles and health service support in the community. Stage 3: Develop a community-based model for preventing child sexual abuse and violence using the maternal responsiveness method realizing a Healthy Jember Regency.
This study is about the people in the Rambipuji District. This is based on the fact that Rambipuji District has the highest data on complaints of cases of sexual violence against children in 2016. The sample in this study is based on the formula rule of thumb in SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). Then the sample size in this study can be determined by a calculation that results in 118 respondents. The sampling technique used in this research was multistage random sampling with the stage starting from the sub-district to the cluster or RT (Rukun Tetangga). The variables in this study consisted of independent variables and dependent variables. The independent variables consist of maternal factors, child factors, father support, and health facility support. Meanwhile, this study's dependent variable is maternal responsiveness, sex education in children, and children avoiding sexual harassment and violence.
Data collection in the field was carried out simultaneously with the following steps: 1) compiling a list of questions or statements; 2) looking for personnel in charge of collecting data; 3) training enumerators by equating their perceptions of the instruments used; 4) collect data on respondents who are used as research samples. Data analysis in this study used descriptive statistical tests in SPSS software and multivariate tests, namely logistic regression in SPSS software.

RESULTS
Cases of sexual abuse and violence against children usually occur because children do not understand that they are responsible for looking after the body under their clothes. Information related to sex education must be submitted in stages according to the child's development and maturity level. A harmonious parenting style and parental relationship can foster an optimal life for developing a child's personality (Rokhmah, 2015). The role of the family, which in this case is the role of the father and mother in providing social support to children, will have a positive effect on growth and development in terms of personal, social, language and motor skills in early childhood (Rokhmah et al., 2016). Fathers and mothers need to divide tasks to provide an understanding of sex to children, that is, if boys are given sex education by their fathers and girls are given sex education by their mothers. Several studies stated that children with anti-social behavior tend to be criminalized because of the absence of one or both parents. Children who experience a lack of relationship with their parents will seek comfort outside the home, creating vulnerability for children to experience sexual harassment and violence outside the home (Rokhmah, 2017).
Following is the result of univariate analysis to determine the frequency of respondents based on age, education, occupation, and ethnicity.
Based on the results of the study presented in Table 1, shows that the majority of respondents aged 26-45 years were 101 respondents (85.6%), the majority of respondents were highly educated, as many as 96 respondents (81.4%), the majority of respondents worked as many as 69 respondents (58.5%), and the majority of respondents were Javanese as many as 92 respondents (78%). In looking for the influence of the independent variables on the study's dependent variable, multivariate analysis was used. The variables that can be included in the multivariate analysis have a p-value <0.25 in the bivariate analysis. Based on the results of the bivariate analysis conducted by the researcher using the test Chi-Square, it was found that the variables that could be included in the multivariate analysis were the mother's factor for responsiveness, the father's support for responsiveness, and the child's factor towards avoiding children from sexual violence. The backward method in multivariate analysis using logistic regression is a method that can automatically exclude independent variables that do not affect the dependent variable.
Following are the results of data analysis based on multivariate analysis. Table 2, there are only two independent variables that influence the dependent variable. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that maternal factors in the good category affected responsiveness by 26,750 times compared to the factors of the bad category. Meanwhile, the factor of children in the good category affected preventing children from sexual violence as much as 8077 times compared to those in the bad category.

DISCUSSION
Based on the research results presented in Table 1, it was found that most of the respondents were 26-45 years old. This age group is classified into adults so that they can receive information well, understand suitable parenting styles for their children depending on the child's condition and understand the importance of making efforts to prevent sexual violence against children. This age group can play a more active role in social life to influence the receipt of information that can increase knowledge related to the importance of early sexual education in children (Nuari, 2016).
Based on the study's results, most respondents were highly educated. The family environment is the initial environment for children's education, so the level of education of parents, especially mothers, can determine the level of knowledge and will impact parenting styles and providing sex education to children at an early age. Children who are in a family environment with a higher level of education will get more attention, especially in the field of sex education, compared to families with middle and low education (Handayani & Sari, 2020). The higher the education, the easier it is for him to be able to obtain information so that he has good knowledge. Good parental knowledge regarding sex education in children has a role in shaping maternal behavior in preventing sexual violence against children (Nuari, 2016). Parents with tertiary education have sufficient knowledge to support and prepare their children for social life that supports values in society with early sex education (Rokhmah et al., 2016). Based on the research results, most of the respondents worked. It is a background for individuals to gain more knowledge and experience from the work environment. Working mothers are felt to have fewer forms of interaction with their children because they spend much time outside the home, but this does not necessarily mean that working parents do not provide sex education for children and prevent sexual violence against children from an early age (Nuari, 2016). Working mothers tend to have many relationships with coworkers who are fellow mothers. So, it is possible to exchange ideas regarding forms of good and appropriate parenting and strategies to provide insight to children regarding sex education from an early age so that efforts to prevent sexual violence against children can run well.
Based on Table 2, responsiveness is the tendency of parents to show children effective warmth, acceptance, and involvement in childcare (Echedom et al., 2018). Maternal factors in this study consisted of maternal age, education, occupation, ethnicity, empathy, self-esteem, child acceptance and experiences of pregnancy and birth. Based on the research results, it was found that good maternal factors affect responsiveness. The role of a good mother certainly affects the type of mother's parenting for children. Parents, especially mothers, have a role in providing correct information, direction and understanding related to sexuality in children (Ambarwati, 2013).
Based on the results of the study, the results showed that children's factors consisting, of children's health status, gross motor system, fine motor systems, and children's socialization in language had an effect on preventing children from sexual violence, namely children. Mentally healthy and socially healthy.
The first place children can get an education is in the family environment. The role of the family includes the roles of father and mother, who contribute to providing social support to children, which will have a positive effect on growth and development in terms of personal, social, language and motor skills in early childhood (Rokhmah et al., 2016). Children who have had good and optimal growth and development, of course, can sort out the good and bad things and always remember their parents' information and directions regarding the prevention of sexual violence against children.

CONCLUSIONS
Conclusions obtained from the results of this study are that the majority of respondents are 26-45 years old, the majority of respondents are highly educated, the majority of respondents work, and the majority are Javanese. The results of multivariate analysis using logistic regression show that there is an influence between maternal factors' responsiveness and there is an influence between child factors and the avoidance of children from sexual violence. Maternal factors in this study were that good maternal factors affect responsiveness. Meanwhile, it was found that there was no influence between child factors, father support, and health facility support on responsiveness; there is no influence between maternal factors, child factors, father support, and health service support on sex education in children; There is no influence between maternal factors, father support, and health service support for children to avoid sexual violence.
Based on the study's findings, it is hoped that parents, namely mothers and fathers, work together in supervising and fostering their children in efforts to prevent sexual violence against children that have occurred frequently. Parents must also seek information from experts and social media and share experiences with other parents. For health services, it is hoped that starting IEC on parents related to the prevention of sexual violence against children in the school environment. Moreover, nurses are expected to provide services to families and related knowledge Nurses are expected to be able to provide services to families and related knowledge and treatment of mentally healthy and socially healthy.