THE ASSOCIATION OF PARENTAL VERBAL ABUSE AND ADOLESCENT PERSONALITY TYPES IN 2 GAMPING JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Physical and psychological changed were commonly happened in adolescents. Some of them felt over estimate, egocentric, peevish, and aggressive. It was influenced by society and family. Some researchers said that a child who lived with verbal abusing, they had psychological disorder such as anxiety, Post Trauma Distress Syndrome, depression, and personality disorder. The aim of this research was to know the association of parental verbal abuse and adolescent personality types in 2 Gamping Junior High School. The method was a quantitative research which used cross sectional design. The sample was 89 person who lived with parents and they were 12-14 years old. Sample was taken with simple random sampling. Researcher used students' number to take the sample. The questioners were verbal abuse questioner and Myers Briggs Type Indicator Personality. Next, the data was analyzed by SPSS 21 with coefficient contingency test. Based on the result, the p was 0.192 (sign p <0.05). It was shown that there was unrelated between parental verbal abuse and adolescent personality types in 2 Gamping Junior High School. Most of them (88.8%) were low parental verbal abuse. There were many factors which influenced the personality type, such as genetic, social, and perceptions. Further researchers said that Javanese norm could influence this situation. There were any norm which children must be allowed the parents. It made different perception of parental verbal abuse for adolescent. The result was not related between parental verbal abuse and adolescent personality types. There were many factors which influencing the personality type in individual, such as genetic, social, and perceptions.


BACKGROUND
Adolescents were a transition children to adults. Today it had been 16, 67% over the world (WHO, 2018) and 25% in Indonesia (BKKBN, 2018). There were many alteration both physically and psychologically during this time. Psychological changed are over estimate, egocentrism, and aggressive. All of this could be violence behaviour (Pieter, 2011).
The violence that they got not only physical violence, but also verbal violence. Verbal violence was a violence which used sarcastic words, bullying, betrayal, shaming, and threating (Fitriana, 2015). However, parents sometimes did not aware about their action to children. They also did not know the danger of verbal abuse. Moreover, parents parenting style were authoritarian style, including high tone and yelling. Factors influenced parents why parents did it were deficit knowledge about the children development, abusing experience, unwanted marriage, marriage at young age, low income family, and violence in social life (Armiyanti, Aini, & Apriani, 2017). Children who lived with abusing, they had psychological problem. These psychological problems were anxiety, post traumatic syndrome disorder (PTSD), depression, and personality disorder (Thomason, 2018). Personality was a genetic, but it developed in social. It was mean that the personality could be change because of family, environment, and social. The personality consist of introvert and extrovert (Pieter & Lubis, 2018). The research said that children who growth with violence and abuse, they had introvert personality. The score was high in physically and psy-chological neglectful (Yogen, 2017).
In 2 Gamping Junior High School, some students said that they got parental verbal abuse. They had yelling and pressure from the parents. They also said that they must be allowed what their parents said. Although, the aim of the act was to discipline the children. Besides, they also said that their parents did it when they did something wrong.
Because of this reason, the researcher interested to know the association of parental verbal abuse and personality type in adolescents. Moreover, the topic of this research was rarely. It can be seen from the internet such as google scholar, science direct, and pubmed.

METHODS
This research was used quantitative with cross sectional design. Then, it began in May until September 2019. The respondents were 2 Gamping Junior High School students who had 12-14 years old and lived with their parents in same home. Next, the exclusion respondents were students who did not present and refused to join in this research. It used simple random sampling which used students' number. The population was 190 students at VIII grade. The total respondents was 89 students. The instruments used Parental Verbal Abuse Questioner and Myers Briggs Type Indicator Personality. These questioner had been validated before and they were valid. The Parental verbal Abuse's validation score was 0.457-0.789. Then, the reliability score was 0.947, it was reliable. Moreover, The Myers Briggs Type Indicator Personality validity's score was 0.321-0.627. Then, the reliability's score was 0.906. Next, researcher used contingency coefficient. The researcher got ethical clearance from Ethical Commission at Heath Faculty of Achmad Yani Yogyakarta University with ethical number: SKEP/072/KEPK/V/2019.

RESULTS
Based on research, majority respondents were 14 years old (71,9%). The minimum age of school admission was 13 years old, therefore, there was no students below 13 years old. Besides, there was more boys than girls. It was 47 (52,8%). Although the number differences was not significant. Based on the result, it was shown that the economic status of the families were moderate. It was mean that that families had Rp 1,500,000-Rp 2,499.999.
Next, based on the table 2, it was seen that the majority of parental verbal abuse was low cat-egory (88,8%). Besides, this table also showed that the majority of PVA score was low. It was 79 person (88,8%). However, therefore no one had high score in PVA. Moreover, the result of personality type majority was introvert with 50,6%. Next, the difference between introvert and extrovert was 1,2%.
Based on result, it showed that the parental verbal abuse and personality types were not related. It had been shown p value 0.192 (p > alfa). The table also showed that the PVA score was low and the personality types was extrovert. On the other hand, the PVA score was moderate and the personality type was introvert.

DISCUSSION
Majority of respondents were 14 years old. It was in early adolescent's category. In this phase, the adolescents accept their physical and critical thinking development. Besides those development, they also underestimated their problems (Pieter, Janiwarti, & Saragih, 2011), want to be free, and strived for a privacy (Cahyaningsih, 2011).
The other development was physiology. Between girls and boys, there were a difference like emotion regulation. From the data, we saw that the boys was bigger than the girls. The boys had better emotional regulation than the girls. It can be seen that the boys reined their emotion and suppressed their expression. The emotional regulation was made of parenting, social, and education individual (Ratnasari & Suleeman, 2017;Saputri & Sugiariyanti, 2016).
This condition influenced the personality development in adolescent. Adolescents who had a verbal abuse history once a week, it influenced the brain development (Armiyanti, Aini, & Apriani, 2017). It could be the result of their psychology. They felt treated and thought irrationally. Next, they did not have a sensitive sense or caring with others. Finally, they had difference behavior, such as antisocial. This was relevant with the research result that adolescents who had moderate parental verbal abuse (PVA) were introvert. It can be seen from their behavior such as uncommunicative, isolated, apathies, and selfish (Kurniawan, 2016).
There were the factor which influence the personality types. Genetic influenced 50% in personality development. The other factor were social and parenting (Kandler & Bleidorn, 2015). The genetic had important role in individual. It regulated the dopamine regulation. Next, they arranged decision making (Fischer, Lee, & Verzijden, 2018).
The others factor was social and environment. They had a role in life defense and body function adaptation (Fischer, Lee, & Verzijden, 2017). The social interaction had strong binding with family interaction. Family interaction who had warm mother with empathy, it had a good effect for children, such as extrovert personality type (Jensen-Campbell, Rex-Lear, & Knack, 2009). However Berman & Synder (2012) explained differently. They said that peer group was significantly influenced in personality development. Because the adolescent alteration was unpredictably. In addition, they also learned about socialize, got emotion support, and kognitive development with their peer group (Jensen-Campbell, Rex-Lear, & Knack, 2009).
It built individual perception about personality concepts. The research was held in 2 Gamping Junior High School which placed in Sleman Regency Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province. Because of this, all the respondents were Javanese. Character building had tight correlation with culture. Culture could influence in individual verbal abuse perception. Verbal communication in Javanese culture had different values. It was seen in their rules such as speaking rules. In Javanese value, person who was younger should be used "krama inggil" when they talk to the older person. It meant that the youngers were polite and respect with others (Rochayanti, Pujiastuti, & Warsiki, 2012).
Besides speaking rule, the Youngers obey the elderly or parents rules. They also accepted the parents' growl. Although, the adolescents said that the growl was used to discipline and reprimand. It was difference, Putri & santoso (2012) said that growl was one of verbal abuse form. Another verbal abuse form was yelling, accusation, or unpleasant words which directed to somebody. Although, this growl was used to be disciplining. Idrus (2012) also said that yelling or growl was used to treat someone else. It aimed to make children understand what the parents want. Moreover, they knew and regretted their false (Putri & (100) Santoso, 2012). Because of these, parents had authority to give them the normative rules, discipline, punishment, reward, and hope in children (Idrus, 2012).

CONCLUSION
The research showed that there was not any correlation between PVA and personality types with p = 0,192. Therefore many factors which influence the personality types, such as genetic, environment and social, and perception. The limitation of the research did not view the strengthen correlation of each factor in personality types. Therefore, researcher suggested for the future research, they will see of these factors. Moreover, The health worker especially at primary care should aware about the adolescent psychosocial.