Effect of Drought Stress on Morphology and Chlorophyll Content of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Abstract
Sorghum is a type of cereal plant that easily adapts to stressful environmental conditions. Sorghum has many benefits as it can be used as food, feed, and energy sources, making it a promising crop for development on dry land in Indonesia. Drought impacts plants during their growth process, causing physiological and biological changes. This study aims to determine the effect of drought stress on the morphology and chlorophyll content of sorghum plants. Preliminary research was conducted by planting three varieties of sorghum (Numbu, Super 1, and Super 2). Subsequent planting involved selecting the variety most resistant to drought based on data analysis of several parameters. The basic design used in this experiment was a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor: the level of drought stress, which had four levels -no drought stress as a day 0 (control) and drought stress for 3, 6 and 9 days by withholding water. The results showed a decrease in the total chlorophyll content of the leaves over time. Drought stress for 6 and 9 days without watering resulted in water content dropping below 25%, indicating severe drought stress and disrupting plant growth. Severe drought stress was characterized by low soil and leaf water content, yellowing and curling of the leaves.
References
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Zhang, Xiangbo, Lei L, Jinsheng L, Haiming Z & Weibin S. 2018. Effects of Drought Stress and Water Recovery on Physiological Responses and Gene Expression in Maize Seedlings. BMC Plant Biology. 18(1): 1-16.
Zhang, Xifeng, Shuiming L, Jiaqi L & Xiaowei C. 2022. Evolution of Research on Global Soil Water Content in the Past 30 Years Based on ITGinsight Bibliometric Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19(23).
Aini Q, Jamarun N, Sowmen S & Sriagtula R. 2019. Pengaruh Cekaman Kekeringan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Berbagai Galur Sorgum Mutan Brown Midrib Sebagai Pakan Ternak. Pastura. 8(2): 110.
Aminifar, Jasem, Mohsen MNik & Alireza S. 2013. Grain Yield Improvement of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Drought Stress Conditions. International Journal ofAgriculture and Crop Sciences. 6(12): 819-824
Arora NK. 2019. Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Production and Its Sustainable Solutions. Environmental Sustainability. 2(2): 95-96.
Dewi, Sheli M, Yuyun Y, Warid AQ & Dedi R. 2019. Pengaruh Cekaman Kekeringan Terhadap Hasil Dan Sensitivitas Tiga Genotip Jawawut. Kultivasi. 18(3).
Fard, Somayeh K, Ali S & Hamid. 2023. Plant Growth Regulators Affecting Maize Leaf Senescence and Area Index Impact Yield under Drought. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 51:102749.
Fariñas, María D, Jimenez-Carretero D, Sancho-Knapik D, Peguero-Pina JJ, Gil-Pelegrín E & Álvarez-Arenas TG. 2019. Instantaneous and Non-Destructive Relative Water Content Estimation from Deep Learning Applied to Resonant Ultrasonic Spectra of Plant Leaves. Plant Methods. 15(1): 1-11.
Ghanbari, Ali A, Mohammad RS, Mahmood T & Rajab C. 2013. Morpho-Physiological Responses of Common Bean Leaf to Water Deficit Stress. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 3(1): 487-492.
Hasanuzzaman M. 2020. Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives I: General Consequences and Plant Responses.
Hu, Fang, Yunxiang Z & Jinping G. 2023. Effects of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic Physiological Characteristics, Leaf Microstructure, and Related Gene Expression of Yellow Horn. Plant Signaling & Behavior. 18(1): 2215025.
Hura, Tomasz, Katarzyna H & Agnieszka O. 2022. Drought-Stress Induced Physiological and Molecular Changes in Plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23(9).
Hussein M, Kassab O & Ellil A. 2008. Evaluating Water Stress Influence on Growth and Photosynthetic Pigments of Two Sugar Beet Varieties. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 4(6): 936-941.
Kamarianakis, Zacharias & Spyros P. 2023. Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost Chlorophyll Content Meter. Sensors 23(5).
Minocha, Rakesh, Gabriela M, Benjamin L & Stephanie L. 2009. Development of a Standardized Methodology for Quantifying Total Chlorophyll and Carotenoids from Foliage of Hardwood and Conifer Tree Species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 39(4): 849-861.
Mulyani, Anny, Budi M, Baba B, Dyah RP & Husnain. 2023. Potential Land Reserves for Agriculture in Indonesia: Suitability and Legal Aspect Supporting Food Sufficiency. Land. 12(5): 970.
Murdaningsih, Murdaningsih & Adrianus FGU. 2021. Kajian Agronomi Potensi Pengembangan Tanaman Sorgum Varietas Numbu di Kabupaten Ende. Jurnal Budidaya Pertanian. 17(1):23-27.
Murningsih T, Kusumadewi SY, Charles YB & Adwita IGB. 2015. Respon Tanaman Jagung Varietas Lokal NTT Umur Sangat Genjah (Pena Tunu’ Ana’) Terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan. Berita Biologi. 1(14): 49-55.
Nageswara RRC, Talwar HS & Wright GC. 2001. Rapid Assessment of Specific Leaf Area and Leaf Nitrogen in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Using a Chlorophyll Meter. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 186(3): 175-182.
Puértolas, Jaime & Ian CD. 2022. Evaluating Soil Evaporation and Transpiration Responses to Alternate Partial Rootzone Drying to Minimize Water Losses. Plant and Soil. 480(1-2): 473-489.
Rini, Dwi S, Budiarjo B, Indra G, Radi HA & Rina M. 2020. Mekanisme Respon Tanaman Terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan. Berita Biologi. 19(3B): 373-384
Ross ME, Michele SS, John GD & Andrea JCS. 2017. A Comparison of Methods for the Non-Destructive Fresh Weight Determination of Filamentous Algae for Growth Rate Analysis and Dry Weight Estimation. Journal of Applied Phycology. 29(6): 2925-2936
Sahara D, Joko T, Raden HP, Anggi SR, Forita DAr, Sugeng W, Arlyna BP, Heni P, Andi YF, Sutardi, M, Agus S, Afrizal M, Tota S, Cahyati S, Teguh P, Komalawati, Munir EWi, Chanifah & Endah N. 2023. Sorghum Contribution to Increased Income and Welfare of Dryland Farmer Households in Wonogiri, Indonesia. Agriculture (Switzerland). 13(8): 1-17.
Seleiman, Mahmoud F, Al-Suhaibani N, Ali N, Mohammad A, Majed A, Yahya R, Turgay D, Hafiz HA & Martin LB. 2021. Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects. Plants. 10(2): 1–25.
Surya, Ida S & Suwetha IGN. 2021. Edukasi Bencana Kekeringan dan Kesiapsiagaan Warga Masyarakat Dalam Menanggulangi Bencana Kekeringan di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Keamanan Publik (JP Dan KP). 3(1): 28-44.
Suryanti, Sri, Didik I, Putu S & Jaka W. 2015. Kebutuhan Air Efisiensi Penggunaan Air dan Ketahanan. Agritech. 35(1): 114-120.
Takahashi, Fuminori, Takashi K, Kaoru U, Kazuko Y & Kazuo S. 2020. Drought Stress Responses and Resistance in Plants: From Cellular Responses to Long-Distance Intercellular Communication. Frontiers in Plant Science. 11: 1-14.
Thamrin H. 2020. Pengukuran Tinggi dan Diameter Tanaman Meranti Merah (Shorea pauciflora C.F. Gaertn) di Kebun Raya Unmul Samarinda (Krus). Jurnal Agriment. 5(1):62-65.
Turner, NC. 2018. Turgor Maintenance by Osmotic Adjustment: 40 Years of Progress. Journal of Experimental Botany. 69(13): 3223-3233.
Wang, Xiaolin, Jiakun Y, Xiong Z, Suiqi Z & Yinglong C. 2020. Organic Manure Input Improves Soil Water and Nutrients Use for Sustainable Maize (Zea mays. L) Productivity on the Loess Plateau. PLoS ONE. 15(8 August).
Xie, Tingting, Peixi S, Lishan S &Jianbin M. 2012.. Yield, Quality and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Sweet Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench] under Different Land Types in Arid Regions. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 6(1): 10-16.
Zhang, Xiangbo, Lei L, Jinsheng L, Haiming Z & Weibin S. 2018. Effects of Drought Stress and Water Recovery on Physiological Responses and Gene Expression in Maize Seedlings. BMC Plant Biology. 18(1): 1-16.
Zhang, Xifeng, Shuiming L, Jiaqi L & Xiaowei C. 2022. Evolution of Research on Global Soil Water Content in the Past 30 Years Based on ITGinsight Bibliometric Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19(23).
Published
2024-09-02
How to Cite
RAHARDHIANTO, Arsetyo et al.
Effect of Drought Stress on Morphology and Chlorophyll Content of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench).
Jurnal ILMU DASAR, [S.l.], v. 26, n. 1, p. 8-17, sep. 2024.
ISSN 2442-5613.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JID/article/view/32122>. Date accessed: 10 oct. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/jid.v26i1.32122.
Section
General
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