Kejutan Budaya pada Masyarakat Perbatasan: Studi Tentang Dampak Pembangunan Border Development Center di Dusun Aruk, Kabupaten Sambas

Culture Shock in the Border Community: A Study on the Impact of the Border Development Center Construction in Dusun Aruk, Sambas Regency

Abstract

Pembangunan Border Development Center (BDC) diharapkan membawa perubahan signifikan dalam infrastruktur, ekonomi, dan sosial pada masyarakat di perbatasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana perubahan tersebut mempengaruhi masyarakat lokal, terutama dalam aspek budaya dan sosial. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dusun Aruk, Kabupaten Sambas, Kalimantan Barat, yang terletak di perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia, menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan Teori Culture Shock dari Samovar (2010). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan observasi, dan data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat lokal mengalami kejutan budaya dalam beberapa fase antara lain, Fase Bulan Madu dimana masyarakat merasa gembira dan mengalami kesejahteraan ekonomi berkat adanya PLBN (Pos Lintas Batas Negara). Fase pesakitan, pada fase ini kemudahan awal digantikan oleh kesulitan, terlihat dari hilangnya pasar tradisional di titik nol perbatasan, kesulitan dalam menjual hasil pertanian ke Malaysia, peraturan karantina untuk hewan sebelum masuk ke Malaysia, dan perubahan gaya hidup remaja yang mulai mengonsumsi minuman keras seperti tequila. Fase adaptasi dimana masyarakat mulai beradaptasi dengan perubahan, ditandai dengan adanya pasar kaget yang menggantikan pasar tradisional. Terakhir, fase penyesuaian diri. Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan tentang bagaimana masyarakat lokal menghadapi dan beradaptasi dengan perubahan besar akibat pembangunan BDC dan guncangan budaya yang mereka alami.
Kata Kunci: Kejutan budaya, Masyarakat Perbatasan, Pembangunan BDC, Teori Culture Shock Samovar

Abstract
The development of the Border Development Center (BDC) is expected to bring significant changes to the infrastructure, economy, and social aspects of the border community. This study aims to understand how these changes impact the local population, particularly in terms of cultural and social aspects. The research was conducted in Dusun Aruk, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan, located on the Indonesia-Malaysia border, using a qualitative design with Samovar's Culture Shock Theory (2010). Data collection was carried out through interviews and observations, and the data was analyzed descriptively. The results of the study indicate that the local community experienced cultural shock in several phases. The Honeymoon Phase, where the community felt joy and economic welfare due to the presence of the Border Crossing Post (PLBN). The Crisis Phase, where initial conveniences were replaced by difficulties, such as the disappearance of the traditional market at the zero border point, challenges in selling agricultural products to Malaysia, quarantine regulations for animals before entering Malaysia, and a change in youth lifestyle, including the consumption of alcoholic beverages like tequila. The Adaptation Phase, where the community began to adjust to the changes, marked by the emergence of a new market that replaced the traditional market. The Adjustment Phase, where the community became accustomed to the changes after a lengthy adaptation period. It provides insights into how the local community faces and adapts to the significant changes brought about by the BDC development and the cultural shock they experience.
Keywords: Culture Shock, Border Communities, PLBN and BDC Development, Samovar’s Culture Shock Theory