The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model on Inmate Rehabilitation
A Lesson from Nigeria
Abstract
The article examines the nature, causes, and implications of inmate rehabilitation in Nigeria by explaining the Risk-Need-Responsivity model. The study reviewed secondary qualitative data, mostly a literature review, and it reinforced and added to the existing body of knowledge on inmate rehabilitation worldwide, particularly in Nigeria. The article finds that there are causes of congestion in the custodial center, such as overuse of imprisonment, a slow judicial process, insufficient prison capacity, a lack of adequate police investigation and prosecution, resource and operational efficiency, and a delay in the administration of justice. The paper adopts Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) theory to outline the process of the significance of rehabilitation towards inmates. The model emphasizes assessing and treating inmates according to their ability and risk of re-offending. The research applied a case study that examined the causes of custodial center congestion and identified the implications on inmate rehabilitation in Nigeria. The paper revealed that the consequences of custodial center congestion are spreading infectious disease, breakdown of social control, poor custodial center conditions, access to rehabilitation programs, and too much cost to the State. The study also explained various correctional facilities provide rehabilitation programs based on the criminogenic needs of the inmate, such as counseling programs, adult education, vocational programs, sports and leisure activities, and religious activities.
Keywords: Causes, Congestion, Implication, Inmate, Rehabilitation
References
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Dowden, C., & Andrews, D. A. (2004). The importance of staff practice in delivering effective correctional treatment: A meta-analytic review of core correctional practice. International Journal of Offender Therapy and comparative criminology, 48(2), 203-214.
Esiri, M.O.2016. The Upsurge of Recidivism and the Penitentiary Institutions in Nigeria. International Journal of Journal Business and Social Sciences, June, 7(6): 184-193.
Ekpe, C. P., & Mammah, S. C. (1997). Social work in Nigeria: A colonial heritage. Enugu: Unik Oriental Prints Ltd
Eze, M. & Okafor, E. (2007). The prison as an instrument of social reformation and Rehabilitation: A study of Nigerian Prison (Medium). Kiri-Kiri, Lagos. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1): 23-31.
García-Guerrero, J., & Marco, A. (2012). Overcrowding in prisons and its impact on health. Revista Española de Sanidad Penitenciaria, 14(3), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.4321/s1575-06202012000300006
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Iwarimie-Jaja, D., & Lasisi, R. (2019). The Criminal Justice System as Enablement for Social Order in Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 17(1), 72-86.
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Kayode Oroleye, A. (2018). Rehabilitation and Welfare of Inmates in Nigeria Prisons: A Case of Selected Prisons in Southwestern Nigeria. Canadian Social Science, 14(6), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.3968/10394
Lambert, E. G., Hogan, N. L., & Altheimer, I. (2010). An exploratory examination of the consequences of burnout in terms of life satisfaction, turnover intent, and absenteeism among private correctional staff. The Prison Journal, 90(1), 94-114.
Madaki, M. (2011). A study of legal rights of convicted prisoners and the unintended consequences of incarceration in Kano and Goron-Dutse Prisons, Nigeria. Unpublished Thesis. Phd in Sociology. Department of Sociology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.p24
Nigeria bureau of statistic report NBS (2020)
———. (2021)
Nigeria Correctional Service Act 2020
Nigeria Correctional Services, 2021.
Nkereuwem, E., & Johnny, U. (2016). Prisons Rehabilitation Programmes in Nigeria: A Study of Inmates Perception in Okaka Prison, Bayelsa State. 7(6), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3968/9104
Nnam, M. (2016). Responding to the Problem of Prison Overcrowding in Nigeria through Restorative Justice: A Challenge to the Traditional Criminal Justice System. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 12 (1), 177.
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Ohia, I. (2004). Nigeria prisons: Hell on earth. Ibadan, Nigeria: Malthouse.
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Published
2023-08-31
How to Cite
ZUBAIRU, Nasiru.
The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model on Inmate Rehabilitation.
Journal of Contemporary Sociological Issues, [S.l.], v. 3, n. 2, p. 177-202, aug. 2023.
ISSN 2775-2895.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/JCSI/article/view/36154>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/csi.v3i2.36154.
Section
Articles
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