Aedes aegypti Mosquito Potential Larvacidal of Phyllantus niruri L. Leaves Ethanol Extracts

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease caused by dengue virus transmitted by Aedes aegypti
female mosquitoes with four major clinical manifestations, such as high fever, hemorrhage,
hepatomegaly, and signs of circulatory failure. Indonesia was reported as the 2nd country with the
largest dengue cases among 30 endemic countries. The larvicidal powder is used as one of the
dengue virus vector controllers. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of small
gooseberry leaves (Phyllantus niruri L.) to the death of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This study used
quasi experimental method with post test only controlled group design with 1 positive control group
(Temephos), 1 group of negative control (tap water), and 5 treatment groups (0.0625%, 0.125%,
0.25% , 0.5% and 1% extract) used 20 larvaes of Aedes aegypti instar III each group. The results of the
treatment group extract with a concentration of 0.5% and 1% obtained 100% dead larvae. The result
of linear regression test showed the effect of meniran leaf extract on the death of larvae Ae. aegypti
with R2 value of 65.2%. The larvacid activity of ethanol extract leaves meniran against larvae Ae.
aegypti instar III was directly proportional to concentration with LC50 of 0.174% with 95% confidence
interval (0.155-0.195).