Analysis of the Relationship between Laboratory Biomarkers and the Severity of  COVID-19 at Kaliwates General Hospital Jember

Nadzir Ansharullah Akbar; Angga Mardro Rahardjo; Dita Diana Parti; Elly Nurus Sakinah

doi:10.19184/ams.v8i1.29062

Nadzir Ansharullah Akbar Emergency Departement, Kaliwates General Hospital, Jember Indonesia
Angga Mardro Rahardjo Departement of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
Dita Diana Parti Departement of Obstetryics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
Elly Nurus Sakinah Departement of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/ams.v8i1.29062

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health problem since the WHO declared the disease a pandemic. In July 2021, Indonesia experienced a very sharp spike in cases and an increase in mortality due to COVID-19, including at the Kaliwates General Hospital in Jember. Laboratory biomarkers in the form of Neutrophile Lymphpocyte Ratio (NLR), D-dimer, and SpO2 can be a clue to assess the severity of COVID-19 patients. This research is an observational analytical study using a Cross Sectional Study with the aim of knowing the relationship between laboratory biomarkers and the severity of COVID 19 at RSU Kaliwates Jember. This study uses secondary data in the form of medical records of COVID-19 patients during July 2021 with a total of 50 samples. The results of this study were carried out by the Spearman correlation test and it was found that there was a correlation between NLR values and oxygen saturation with the severity of COVID-19, but there was no relationship between D-dimer levels and the severity of COVID-19. The conclusion of this study is that NLR biomarkers and oxygen saturation can be used as predictors of the severity of COVID-19.

References

Asakura, H., Ogawa, H. 2021. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Int J Hematol. 113, 45-57. doi: 10.1007/s12185-020-03029-y.

Dhont, S., Derom, E., Van Braeckel, E., Depuydt, P., & Lambrecht, B. N. (2020). The pathophysiology of “happy” hypoxemia in COVID-19. Respiratory Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/S12931-020-01462-5

Frater, J. L., Zini, G., d’Onofrio, G., & Rogers, H. J. (2020, June 1). COVID-19 and the clinical hematology laboratory. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.13229

Li, X., Liu, C., Mao, Z., Xiao, M., Wang, L., Qi, S., & Zhou, F. (2020). Predictive values of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Critical Care, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03374-8

Mejía, F., Medina, C., Cornejo, E., Morello, E., Vásquez, S., Alave, J., … Málaga, G. (2020). Oxygen saturation as a predictor of mortality in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 in a public hospital in Lima, Peru. PLOS ONE, 15(12), e0244171. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0244171

Mus, R., Thaslifa, T., Abbas, M., & Sunaidi, Y. (2021). Studi Literatur: Tinjauan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium pada Pasien COVID-19. Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional, 5(4), 242. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.58741

Nakshbandi, G., Moor, C. C., & Wijsenbeek, M. S. (2020). Home monitoring for patients with ILD and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(12), 1172–1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30452-5

Pimentel, G. D., Dela Vega, M. C. M., & Laviano, A. (2020). High neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in COVID-19 patients. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, 40, 101–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.08.004

Poudel, A., Poudel, Y., Adhikari, A., Aryal, B. B., Dangol, D., Bajracharya, T., … Gautam, R. (2021). D-dimer as a biomarker for assessment of COVID-19 prognosis: D-dimer levels on admission and its role in predicting disease outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. PLOS ONE, 16(8), e0256744. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0256744

Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi, A., Bashash, D., Fateh, F., & Abolghasemi, H. (2020, November 1). Laboratory findings in COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis. Clinica Chimica Acta. Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.019

Sandor-Keri, J., Benedek, I., Polexa, S., & Benedek, I. (2021). The link between SARS-CoV-2 infection, inflammation and hypercoagulability-impact of hemorheologic alterations on cardiovascular mortality. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/JCM10143015

Sukrisman, L., Sinto, R., & Priantono, D. (2021). Hematologic Profiles and Correlation Between Absolute Lymphocyte Count and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio with Markers of Inflammation of COVID-19 in an Indonesian National Referral Hospital. International Journal of General Medicine, Volume 14, 6919–6924. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S337440

Wratsangka, R., & Og, S. (n.d.). Desain Penelitian.
X, X., M, W., S, Z., J, H., & W, C. (2020). [An increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is an early warning signal of severe COVID-19]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal of Southern Medical University, 40(3), 333–336. https://doi.org/10.12122/J.ISSN.1673-4254.2020.03.06

Yao, Y., Cao, J., Wang, Q., Shi, Q., Liu, K., Luo, Z., … Hu, B. (2020). D-dimer as a biomarker for disease severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a case control study. Journal of Intensive Care 2020 8:1, 8(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/S40560-020-00466-Z

Zahorec, R., Hulin, I., & Zahorec, P. (2020). Rationale use of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio for early diagnosis and stratifi cation of COVID-19. Bratislava Medical Journal, 121(7), 466–470. https://doi.org/10.4149/BLL_2020_077