KUALITAS AIR MINUM RUMAH TANGGA DAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI KECAMATAN KERKAP KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA
Abstract
Stunting sebagai salah satu penanda risiko kegagalan tumbuh kembang anak. Air yang dikonsumsi sehari-hari dalam masyarakat bervariasi, kesehatan air minum sangat penting. Secara fisik air minum yang sehat tidak berbau, bewarna dan berasa, selain itu itu tercemar secara radioaktif, mikrobiologis dan kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan kualitas air minum dengan kejadian stunting. Desain penilian yang digunakan yaitu Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah balita di Kecamatan Kerkap Bengkulu Utara sebanyak 746 balita. Selanjutnya subjek dipilih dengan teknik random sampling, dengan jumlah sampel 260. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan pH air minum dan mikrobiologi air minum dengan kejadian stunting pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% P Value 0,000 (p<0,05). Tidak ada hubungan antara TDS air minum dengan kejadian stunting. Disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan memberikan sosialisasi dengan metode edukasi yang praktis dan efektif terkait kualitas air minum agar masyarakat dapat memahami tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi air minum yang sehat untuk mencegah terjadinya stunting pada keluarga.
References
1] Aguayo, V.M. and Menon, P. (2016) ‘Stop stunting: improving child feeding, women’s nutrition and household sanitation in South Asia’, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 12(S1), pp. 3–11. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12283.
2] Akombi, B.J., Agho, K.E., Hall, J.J., Merom, D., Astell-Burt, T. and Renzaho, A.M.N. (2017) ‘Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis’, BMC Pediatrics, 17(1), p. 15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0770-z.
3] Alam, M.A., Richard, S.A., Fahim, S.M., Mahfuz, M., Nahar, B., Das, S., Shrestha, B., Koshy, B., Mduma, E., Seidman, J.C., Murray-Kolb, L.E., Caulfield, L.E., Lima, A.A.M., Bessong, P. and Ahmed, T. (2020) ‘Correction: Impact of early-onset persistent stunting on cognitive development at 5 years of age: Results from a multi-country cohort study’, PLOS ONE, 15(2), p. e0229663. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229663.
4] Argaw, D., Hussen Kabthymer, R., Endale, T., Wudneh, A., Daniel Meshesha, M., Tadesse Hirbu, J., Bayisa, Y., Abebe, L., Tilahun, R., Aregawi, S., Lodebo Funga, M., Wodaynew, T., Demisse, B., Cherinet Eritero, A., Getachew Assefa, D., Daganchew Zeleke, E., Mengistu, N., Temesgen Alemu, K. and Molla, W. (2022) ‘Stunting and associated factors among primary school children in Ethiopia: School-based cross-sectional study’, International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 17(November 2021), p. 100451. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100451.
5] Azizah, B.D.N.A. (2017) ‘Perbedaan Kualitas Air Tanah Dan Air Pdam Untuk Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Rumah Tangga Di Kelurahan Tidar Selatan Kecamatan Magelang Selatan Kota Magelang’, Geo Educasia, 2(8), pp. 1035–1046. Available at: https://journal.student.uny.ac.id/index.php/geo-educasia/article/view/10194/9758.
6] Azzahra, N., Arkhaesi, N. and Anam, M. (2016) ‘Pengaruh Pemberian Air Alkali Terhadap Nilai Peak’, 5(4), pp. 1339–1353. Available at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/115224-ID-none.pdf.
7] Cohen, A. and Colford, J.M. (2017) ‘Effects of Boiling Drinking Water on Diarrhea and Pathogen-Specific Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97(5), pp. 1362–1377. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0190.
8] Gani, A.A., Palutturi, S., Otoluwa, A.S., Supriatni, N., Arundhana, A.I., Hadju, V. and Thaha, A.R. (2020) ‘Nutritional status of children under 5 and environmental situation of the household in Banggai Regency’, Enfermería Clínica, 30(Icnph 2019), pp. 153–158. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.059.
9] Ghanem, M.H. (2022) ‘Study of some Physicochemical Parameters in the Water of El-Bagouria Canal at El-Menoufia Governorate, Egypt’, The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 86(1), pp. 258–265. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhm.2022.211966.
10] Hartati, S. and Zulminiati, Z. (2020) ‘Fakta-Fakta Penerapan Penilaian Otentik di Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri 2 Padang’, Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), pp. 1035–1044. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.521.
11] Hasan, A., Kadarusman, H. and Sutopo, A. (2022) ‘Air Minum , Sanitasi , dan Hygiene sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting di Wilayah Pedesaan Drinking Water , Sanitation , and Hygiene as Stunting Risk Factors in a Rural Area’, Jurnal Kesehatan, 13, pp. 299–307.
12] Kamila, P.S. and Salami, I.R.S. (2022) ‘Study of Clean Water and Sanitation Access and Its Relationship to Waterborne and Stunting Prevalence in Bandung Regency’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1065(1), p. 012039. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1065/1/012039.
13] Kemenkes RI (2017) ‘Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2017 Tentang Standar Baku Mutu Kesehatan Lingkungan Dan Persyaratan Kesehatan Air Untuk Keperluan Higiene Sanitasi, Kolam Renang, Solus Per Aqua dan Pemandian Umum’, Peraturan Menteri kesehatan Republik Indonesia, pp. 1–20. Available at: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/112092/permenkes-no-32-tahun-2017.
14] Kemenkes RI (2021) Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI).
15] Kemenkes RI (2023) permenkes No. 2, Kemenkes Republik Indonesia. Indonesia. Available at: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/245563/permenkes-no-2-tahun-2023.
16] Mayasari, E., Sari, F.E. and Yulyani, V. (2022) ‘Hubungan Air dan Sanitasi dengan Kejadian Stunting di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Candipuro Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Tahun 2021’, Indonesian Journal of Helath and Medical, 2(1), pp. 51–59. Available at: https://ijohm.rcipublisher.org/index.php/ijohm/article/view/101.
17] Mshida, H.A., Kassim, N., Mpolya, E. and Kimanya, M. (2018) ‘Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices Associated with Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children in Semi-Pastoral Communities Tanzania’, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 98(5), pp. 1242–1249. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0399.
18] Ndayambaje, B. (2023) Linking Child Stunting, Water Quality, and Pathogen Sharing at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface in Rwanda: A One Health Study, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The University of Nebraska - Lincoln PP - United States -- Nebraska. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/linking-child-stunting-water-quality-pathogen/docview/2813491492/se-2?accountid=49069.
19] Nisa, S.K., Lustiyati, E.D. and Fitriani, A. (2021) ‘Sanitasi Penyediaan Air Bersih dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita’, Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 2(1), pp. 17–25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15294/jppkmi.v2i1.47243.
20] Olo, A., Mediani, H.S. and Rakhmawati, W. (2020) ‘Hubungan Faktor Air dan Sanitasi dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia’, Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), pp. 1113–1126. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.788.
21] Otsuka, Y., Agestika, L., Widyarani, Sintawardani, N. and Yamauchi, T. (2019) ‘Risk Factors for Undernutrition and Diarrhea Prevalence in an Urban Slum in Indonesia: Focus on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene’, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 100(3), pp. 727–732. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0063.
22] Prahutami, N.S., Azizah, R. and Kusyoko, G. (2022) ‘Analisis Hasil Kualitas Air Bersih di Desa Lokus Stunting Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur Tahun 2021’, Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah Stikes Kendal, 12(4), pp. 929–938. Available at: https://journal2.stikeskendal.ac.id/index.php/PSKM/article/view/222.
23] Prasad, J.B., Pezhhan, A. and Patil, S.H. (2021) ‘Effect of wealth, social inequality, Mother’s BMI, and education level on child malnutrition in India’, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 15(6), p. 102304. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102304.
24] RI, K. (2019) Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional. Jakarta.
25] Sahiledengle, B., Petrucka, P., Kumie, A., Mwanri, L., Beressa, G., Atlaw, D., Tekalegn, Y., Zenbaba, D., Desta, F. and Agho, K.E. (2022) ‘Association between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and child undernutrition in Ethiopia: a hierarchical approach’, BMC Public Health, 22(1), pp. 1–20. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14309-z.
26] Solin, A.R., Hasanah, O. and Nurchayati, S. (2019) ‘Hubungan Kejadian Penyakit Infeksi Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita 1-4 Tahun’, JOM FKp, 6(1), pp. 65–71. Available at: jom.unri.ac.id.
27] Sudfeld, C.R., McCoy, D.C., Fink, G., Muhihi, A., Bellinger, D.C., Masanja, H., Smith, E.R., Danaei, G., Ezzati, M. and Fawzi, W.W. (2015) ‘Malnutrition and Its Determinants Are Associated with Suboptimal Cognitive, Communication, and Motor Development in Tanzanian Children’, The Journal of Nutrition, 145(12), pp. 2705–2714. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.215996.
28] Utami, L.S. and Musyarofah, S. (2021) ‘Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal’, Peran Mikronutrisi Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19, 11 No 1(Januari), pp. 1–8. Available at: http://journal2.stikeskendal.ac.id/index.php/PSKM/article/view/222/340.
29] Wahid, N.K., Maria, I.L. and Hidayanty, H. (2020) ‘Relationship Between Drinking Water Sources, Drinking Water Treatment and Sewage Management With Stunting In Two-Years-Old Children In Mamuju Regency’, EAS Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2(4), pp. 204–209. Available at: https://doi.org/10.36349/easjnfs.2020.v02i04.005.
30] Wan, K., Zheng, S., Ye, C., Hu, D., Zhang, Y., Dao, H., Chen, S. and Yu, X. (2022) ‘Ancient Oriental Wisdom still Works: Removing ARGs in Drinking Water by Boiling as compared to Chlorination’, Water Research, 209, p. 117902. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117902.
31] WHO (2014) Global nutrition targets 2025: Stunting policy brief. Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/149019/WHO_N?sequence=1.
32] Yushananta, P., Markus, M. and Barus, L. (2022) ‘Kualitas Mikrobiologi dan Pengolahan Air Minum Isi Ulang di Wilayah Kecamatan Metro Pusat, Kota Metro’, 16(3), pp. 138–145. Available at: https://www.ejurnal.poltekkes-tjk.ac.id/index.php/JKESLING/article/view/Prayudhy Yushananta%3B Meiliyana Markus%3B Linda Barus/1636.
33] Zulfa, N., Mulyawati, I. and Artikel, I. (2023) ‘Higiene Sanitasi dan Uji Pemeriksaan Mikrobiologi Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang’, HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 7(1), pp. 44–54. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v7i1.61441
2] Akombi, B.J., Agho, K.E., Hall, J.J., Merom, D., Astell-Burt, T. and Renzaho, A.M.N. (2017) ‘Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis’, BMC Pediatrics, 17(1), p. 15. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0770-z.
3] Alam, M.A., Richard, S.A., Fahim, S.M., Mahfuz, M., Nahar, B., Das, S., Shrestha, B., Koshy, B., Mduma, E., Seidman, J.C., Murray-Kolb, L.E., Caulfield, L.E., Lima, A.A.M., Bessong, P. and Ahmed, T. (2020) ‘Correction: Impact of early-onset persistent stunting on cognitive development at 5 years of age: Results from a multi-country cohort study’, PLOS ONE, 15(2), p. e0229663. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229663.
4] Argaw, D., Hussen Kabthymer, R., Endale, T., Wudneh, A., Daniel Meshesha, M., Tadesse Hirbu, J., Bayisa, Y., Abebe, L., Tilahun, R., Aregawi, S., Lodebo Funga, M., Wodaynew, T., Demisse, B., Cherinet Eritero, A., Getachew Assefa, D., Daganchew Zeleke, E., Mengistu, N., Temesgen Alemu, K. and Molla, W. (2022) ‘Stunting and associated factors among primary school children in Ethiopia: School-based cross-sectional study’, International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 17(November 2021), p. 100451. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100451.
5] Azizah, B.D.N.A. (2017) ‘Perbedaan Kualitas Air Tanah Dan Air Pdam Untuk Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Rumah Tangga Di Kelurahan Tidar Selatan Kecamatan Magelang Selatan Kota Magelang’, Geo Educasia, 2(8), pp. 1035–1046. Available at: https://journal.student.uny.ac.id/index.php/geo-educasia/article/view/10194/9758.
6] Azzahra, N., Arkhaesi, N. and Anam, M. (2016) ‘Pengaruh Pemberian Air Alkali Terhadap Nilai Peak’, 5(4), pp. 1339–1353. Available at: https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/115224-ID-none.pdf.
7] Cohen, A. and Colford, J.M. (2017) ‘Effects of Boiling Drinking Water on Diarrhea and Pathogen-Specific Infections in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97(5), pp. 1362–1377. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0190.
8] Gani, A.A., Palutturi, S., Otoluwa, A.S., Supriatni, N., Arundhana, A.I., Hadju, V. and Thaha, A.R. (2020) ‘Nutritional status of children under 5 and environmental situation of the household in Banggai Regency’, Enfermería Clínica, 30(Icnph 2019), pp. 153–158. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.059.
9] Ghanem, M.H. (2022) ‘Study of some Physicochemical Parameters in the Water of El-Bagouria Canal at El-Menoufia Governorate, Egypt’, The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine, 86(1), pp. 258–265. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhm.2022.211966.
10] Hartati, S. and Zulminiati, Z. (2020) ‘Fakta-Fakta Penerapan Penilaian Otentik di Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri 2 Padang’, Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), pp. 1035–1044. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.521.
11] Hasan, A., Kadarusman, H. and Sutopo, A. (2022) ‘Air Minum , Sanitasi , dan Hygiene sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting di Wilayah Pedesaan Drinking Water , Sanitation , and Hygiene as Stunting Risk Factors in a Rural Area’, Jurnal Kesehatan, 13, pp. 299–307.
12] Kamila, P.S. and Salami, I.R.S. (2022) ‘Study of Clean Water and Sanitation Access and Its Relationship to Waterborne and Stunting Prevalence in Bandung Regency’, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1065(1), p. 012039. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1065/1/012039.
13] Kemenkes RI (2017) ‘Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2017 Tentang Standar Baku Mutu Kesehatan Lingkungan Dan Persyaratan Kesehatan Air Untuk Keperluan Higiene Sanitasi, Kolam Renang, Solus Per Aqua dan Pemandian Umum’, Peraturan Menteri kesehatan Republik Indonesia, pp. 1–20. Available at: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/112092/permenkes-no-32-tahun-2017.
14] Kemenkes RI (2021) Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI).
15] Kemenkes RI (2023) permenkes No. 2, Kemenkes Republik Indonesia. Indonesia. Available at: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/245563/permenkes-no-2-tahun-2023.
16] Mayasari, E., Sari, F.E. and Yulyani, V. (2022) ‘Hubungan Air dan Sanitasi dengan Kejadian Stunting di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Candipuro Kabupaten Lampung Selatan Tahun 2021’, Indonesian Journal of Helath and Medical, 2(1), pp. 51–59. Available at: https://ijohm.rcipublisher.org/index.php/ijohm/article/view/101.
17] Mshida, H.A., Kassim, N., Mpolya, E. and Kimanya, M. (2018) ‘Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Practices Associated with Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children in Semi-Pastoral Communities Tanzania’, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 98(5), pp. 1242–1249. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.17-0399.
18] Ndayambaje, B. (2023) Linking Child Stunting, Water Quality, and Pathogen Sharing at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface in Rwanda: A One Health Study, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. The University of Nebraska - Lincoln PP - United States -- Nebraska. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/linking-child-stunting-water-quality-pathogen/docview/2813491492/se-2?accountid=49069.
19] Nisa, S.K., Lustiyati, E.D. and Fitriani, A. (2021) ‘Sanitasi Penyediaan Air Bersih dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita’, Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 2(1), pp. 17–25. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15294/jppkmi.v2i1.47243.
20] Olo, A., Mediani, H.S. and Rakhmawati, W. (2020) ‘Hubungan Faktor Air dan Sanitasi dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Indonesia’, Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), pp. 1113–1126. Available at: https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v5i2.788.
21] Otsuka, Y., Agestika, L., Widyarani, Sintawardani, N. and Yamauchi, T. (2019) ‘Risk Factors for Undernutrition and Diarrhea Prevalence in an Urban Slum in Indonesia: Focus on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene’, The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 100(3), pp. 727–732. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0063.
22] Prahutami, N.S., Azizah, R. and Kusyoko, G. (2022) ‘Analisis Hasil Kualitas Air Bersih di Desa Lokus Stunting Kabupaten Pasuruan, Jawa Timur Tahun 2021’, Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah Stikes Kendal, 12(4), pp. 929–938. Available at: https://journal2.stikeskendal.ac.id/index.php/PSKM/article/view/222.
23] Prasad, J.B., Pezhhan, A. and Patil, S.H. (2021) ‘Effect of wealth, social inequality, Mother’s BMI, and education level on child malnutrition in India’, Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 15(6), p. 102304. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102304.
24] RI, K. (2019) Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional. Jakarta.
25] Sahiledengle, B., Petrucka, P., Kumie, A., Mwanri, L., Beressa, G., Atlaw, D., Tekalegn, Y., Zenbaba, D., Desta, F. and Agho, K.E. (2022) ‘Association between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and child undernutrition in Ethiopia: a hierarchical approach’, BMC Public Health, 22(1), pp. 1–20. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14309-z.
26] Solin, A.R., Hasanah, O. and Nurchayati, S. (2019) ‘Hubungan Kejadian Penyakit Infeksi Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita 1-4 Tahun’, JOM FKp, 6(1), pp. 65–71. Available at: jom.unri.ac.id.
27] Sudfeld, C.R., McCoy, D.C., Fink, G., Muhihi, A., Bellinger, D.C., Masanja, H., Smith, E.R., Danaei, G., Ezzati, M. and Fawzi, W.W. (2015) ‘Malnutrition and Its Determinants Are Associated with Suboptimal Cognitive, Communication, and Motor Development in Tanzanian Children’, The Journal of Nutrition, 145(12), pp. 2705–2714. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.215996.
28] Utami, L.S. and Musyarofah, S. (2021) ‘Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal’, Peran Mikronutrisi Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19, 11 No 1(Januari), pp. 1–8. Available at: http://journal2.stikeskendal.ac.id/index.php/PSKM/article/view/222/340.
29] Wahid, N.K., Maria, I.L. and Hidayanty, H. (2020) ‘Relationship Between Drinking Water Sources, Drinking Water Treatment and Sewage Management With Stunting In Two-Years-Old Children In Mamuju Regency’, EAS Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2(4), pp. 204–209. Available at: https://doi.org/10.36349/easjnfs.2020.v02i04.005.
30] Wan, K., Zheng, S., Ye, C., Hu, D., Zhang, Y., Dao, H., Chen, S. and Yu, X. (2022) ‘Ancient Oriental Wisdom still Works: Removing ARGs in Drinking Water by Boiling as compared to Chlorination’, Water Research, 209, p. 117902. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117902.
31] WHO (2014) Global nutrition targets 2025: Stunting policy brief. Switzerland: World Health Organization. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/149019/WHO_N?sequence=1.
32] Yushananta, P., Markus, M. and Barus, L. (2022) ‘Kualitas Mikrobiologi dan Pengolahan Air Minum Isi Ulang di Wilayah Kecamatan Metro Pusat, Kota Metro’, 16(3), pp. 138–145. Available at: https://www.ejurnal.poltekkes-tjk.ac.id/index.php/JKESLING/article/view/Prayudhy Yushananta%3B Meiliyana Markus%3B Linda Barus/1636.
33] Zulfa, N., Mulyawati, I. and Artikel, I. (2023) ‘Higiene Sanitasi dan Uji Pemeriksaan Mikrobiologi Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang’, HIGEIA (Journal of Public Health Research and Development), 7(1), pp. 44–54. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v7i1.61441
Published
2024-03-31
How to Cite
SEFDIYANTO, Riki et al.
KUALITAS AIR MINUM RUMAH TANGGA DAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI KECAMATAN KERKAP KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA.
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, [S.l.], v. 20, n. 1, p. 60-67, mar. 2024.
ISSN 2684-7035.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/IKESMA/article/view/46570>. Date accessed: 22 dec. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/ikesma.v20i1.46570.
Issue
Section
ARTICLES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
