Surface Groundwater Pollution Dynamics Over 2015-2020 in the Salt Drying Pond of Pademawu Subdistrict, Madura, Indonesia

Wisnu Arya Gemilang; Ulung Jantama Wisha; Mas Agus Mardyanto

doi:10.19184/geosi.v7i1.28898

Wisnu Arya Gemilang Research Institute for Coastal Resources and Vulnerability, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. Raya Padang-Painan, Padang, Sumatera Barat, 25245, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8565-0771
Ulung Jantama Wisha Research Institute for Coastal Resources and Vulnerability, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jl. Raya Padang-Painan, Padang, Sumatera Barat, 25245, Indonesia http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6064-675X
Mas Agus Mardyanto Environmental Engineering Department, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Kampus ITS Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, 60111, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v7i1.28898

Abstract

Pamekasan coastal area is the center of salt production concentrated in the Pademawu subdistrict with the ponds area of 740.96 ha. The sufficiently close distance of salt ponds to settlement areas allows several issues, such as shallow groundwater salinization. This study aimed to determine the salt pond’s degradation over five years (2015-2020) and its influence on the salinization issue in Pademawu. We compare groundwater quality parameters (conductivity, TDS, the depth of shallow surface groundwater, and salinity) surveyed in 2015 and 2020, correlated to salt pond area alterations. Over five years of measurement, it was found that conductivity declined, reaching 2779.94 µS/cm. Based on TDS deterioration, groundwater transformed from brackish to freshwater in 2020. By contrast, the depth of shallow groundwater-surface increased by almost one meter. The freshwater area also increased by 22% over five years based on conductivity classification. Groundwater quality dynamics are related to the alteration of the salt pond area. On the other hand, the significant increase in rainfall intensity, which is not beneficial for salt agriculture, results in the salt pond area deterioration, thereby declining surface groundwater salinity in Pademawu due to the less interaction between Cl and groundwater within aquifers. Although the groundwater pollution induced by seawater intrusion and salinization declined in 2020, re-organizing the distance between salt ponds and the settlement area in Pademawu is crucial to minimize further groundwater pollution.

Keywords : Dynamics; pollution; groundwater; salt agriculture; Pademawu

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