Rethinking Urbanization: A Transit-Information-Communication –Technology-Oriented Development Path for the Developing Countries and Post-Industrial Towns
Abstract
This study explores a new path of urbanization to enhance the conventional economy-led urban development practice by conducting an urban quality of life (Uqol) survey. It analyzes the Uqol evaluation gap caused by demographic attributes between developing countries, developed countries, and post-industrial town. We adopted a mixed-methods research design, including a literature review and an Uqol survey, to suggest the transit-oriented-development (TOD) and information-communication-technology (ICT) based urban-rural development concept. The finding indicates a disparity of Uqol mean score rankings among the developing countries, developed countries, and the marginalized post-industrial town. It highlights the health, transportation, socio-economic, and technological development in the developing countries strongly desired. Furthermore, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Mann-Whitney U-test results show significant differences in economy, technology-ICT, smart living, and lifestyle within education, profession, age, and country groups. It clarifies that the well-being gap is shaped by demography and exhibited geographically, which implies TOD-ICT advancement can break down geographical barriers for achieving sustainable growth in remote areas. Supported by the planetary urbanization theory, the human-technology-driven urban development process would facilitate the maturity and implementation of the proposed TOD-ICT-based urban-ruralism (UxR) concept for enhancing the future global urbanization process.
Keywords : Human and Social Geography; Information-Communication-Technology; Urban Policymaking; Transit-Oriented-Development; Urban Quality of Life
Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
References
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McCrea, R., Shyy, T. K., & Stimson, R. (2006). What is the strength of the link between objective and subjective indicators of urban quality of life? Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1(1), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-006-9002-2.
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MQCR. (2018). Mercer’s QOL city ranking 2018. Retrieved from https://www.mercer.com/newsroom/2018-quality-of-living-survey.html.
Murgaš, F.,& Klobučník, M. (2018). QualitY of life in the city, quality of urban life or well-being in the city: Conceptualization and case study. Ekológia (Bratislava), 37(2), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2018-0016.
Pintér, L., Hardi, P., Martinuzzi, A., & Hall, J. (2012). Bellagio STAMP: Principles for sustainability assessment and measurement. Ecological Indicators, 17(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.001.
Potter, J., Cantarero, R., & Wood, H. (2012).The Multi-Dimensional Nature of Predicting Quality of Life.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50(C), 781–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.080.
Raworth, K. (2018). Doughnut Economics. Retrieved from https://www.kateraworth.com/doughnut/.
Rezvani, M. R., Mansourian, H., & Sattari, M. H. (2013). Evaluating Quality of Life in Urban Areas (Case Study: Noorabad City, Iran). Social Indicators Research, 112(1), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0048-2.
Rodriguez D. L. (2015) The Role of Context and Culture in Quality of Life Studies. In: Tonon G. (eds) Qualitative Studies in Quality of Life. Social Indicators Research Series, vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13779-7_3.
Schmid, C. (2018). Journeys through planetary urbanization: Decentering perspectives on the urban. Environment and Planning D - Society and Space, 36(3), 591–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775818765476.
SCI (2018). Sustainable Cities Index, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.arcadis.com/en/united-states/our-perspectives/sustainable-cities-index-2018/united-states/.
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Shen, L., Lu, W., Peng, Y., & Jiang, S. (2012). Critical Assessment Indicators for Measuring Benefits of Rural Infrastructure Investment in China.Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 17(4), 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000066.
SPI (2018). Social Progress Index, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.socialprogress.org/.
Stiglitz, J. (2009). Towards a better measure of well-being. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/95b492a8-a095-11de-b9ef-00144feabdc0.
Sullivan, G., & Artino, A. (2013). Analyzing and Interpreting Data From Likert-Type Scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(4), 541–542. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-5-4-18.
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WCED (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our common future. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf.
Wilson, D., Boodram, B. & Smith, J. (2019). 2. Public Housing, Heroin Addiction, And America’S Industrial Suburbs: A Planetary Urbanist Perspective. In K. Guney, R. Keil & M. Ucoglu (Ed.), Massive Suburbanization (pp. 56-78). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487531867-005.
Wilson, D., & Jonas, A. E. G. (2018). Planetary urbanization: new perspectives on the debate. Urban Geography, 39 (10), 1576–1580. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2018.1481603.
Angelo, H., & Goh, K. (2020). Out in Space: Difference and Abstraction in Planetary Urbanization. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12911.
Arboleda, M. (2016). Spaces of Extraction, Metropolitan Explosions: Planetary Urbanization and the Commodity Boom in Latin America. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 40(1), 96–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12290.
Brenner, N. (2018). Debating planetary urbanization: For an engaged pluralism. Environment and Planning D - Society and Space, 36(3), 570–590. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775818757510.
Brenner, N., & Schmid, C. (2015).Towards a new epistemology of the urban?City (London), 19(2–3), 151–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2015.1014712.
Büchs, M., & Koch, M. (2019). Challenges for the degrowth transition: The debate about wellbeing. Futures, 105(1), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2018.09.002.
Campbell, A. (1976). Subjective measures of well-being. American Psychologist, 31(2), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.31.2.117.
CIMI, (2018), Cities in Motion Index, 2018. Retrieved from https://blog.iese.edu/cities-challenges-and-management/2018/05/23/iese-cities-in-motion-index-2018/.
Club of Rome. (2018). About the club Rome. Retrieved from https://clubofrome.org/about- us/.
D’Acci, L. (2019). A new type of cities for liveable futures.Isobenefit Urbanism morphogenesis.Journal of Environmental Management, 246(C), 128–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.129.
Dan Bar-On, A. Caria, M. Tazaki, B. Murphy, H. Herrman, A. Noji, … Mick Power. (1995). The World Health Organization quality of life assessment (WHOQOL): Position paper from the World Health Organization. Social Science & Medicine, 41(10), 1403–1409. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00112-K.
Diener, E. D. (1995). A value based index for measuring national quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 36(2), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01079721.
Dong, H., Fujita, T., Geng, Y., Dong, L., Ohnishi, S., Sun, L., …Fujii, M. (2016). A review on eco-city evaluation methods and highlights for integration.Ecological Indicators, 60(1), 1184–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.08.044.
Economist Intelligence Unit. (2005). The Economist Intelligence Unit’s Quality-of-Life Index, The World in 2OO5. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf.
European Commission. (2009). Beyond GDP: Measuring progress, True wealth and the well- being of nations. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/environment/beyond_gdp/index_en.html.
Gokdemir, O., & Dumludag, D. (2011). Subjective well-being among ethnic minorities: the Dutch case. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38691/.
Goonewardena, K. (2018). Planetary urbanization and totality.Environment and Planning D - Society and Space, 36(3), 456–473.https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775818761890
GPCI. (2018) Global Power City Index 2018. Retrieved from http://mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/ius2/gpci2/index.shtml.
Kingsford O. E., & Chan, A. P. C. (2019). Barriers Affecting Effective Application of Anticorruption Measures in Infrastructure Projects: Disparities between Developed and Developing Countries. Journal of Management in Engineering, 35(1), 04018056.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000667.
Land K.C., Michalos A.C., Sirgy M.J. (2012) Prologue: The Development and Evolution of Research on Social Indicators and Quality of Life (QOL). In: Land K., Michalos A., Sirgy M. (eds) Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2421-1_1.
Marans, R. W. (2015). Quality of urban life & environmental sustainability studies: Future linkage opportunities. Habitat International, 45(P1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.019.
Marans R.W., & Kweon BS. (2011) The Quality of Life in Metro Detroit at the Beginning of the Millennium. In: Marans R., Stimson R. (eds) Investigating Quality of Urban Life. Social Indicators Research Series, vol 45. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1742-8_7.
Marans R.W., & Stimson R. (2011) An Overview of Quality of Urban Life. In: Marans R., Stimson R. (eds) Investigating Quality of Urban Life. Social Indicators Research Series, vol 45. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1742-8_1.
McCrea, R., Shyy, T. K., & Stimson, R. (2006). What is the strength of the link between objective and subjective indicators of urban quality of life? Applied Research in Quality of Life, 1(1), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-006-9002-2.
Mikkelsen C., & Di Nucci J. (2015) Qualitative Methodologies in Geography, Contributions to the Study of Quality of Life. In: Tonon G. (eds) Qualitative Studies in Quality of Life. Social Indicators Research Series, vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13779-7_5.
MQCR. (2018). Mercer’s QOL city ranking 2018. Retrieved from https://www.mercer.com/newsroom/2018-quality-of-living-survey.html.
Murgaš, F.,& Klobučník, M. (2018). QualitY of life in the city, quality of urban life or well-being in the city: Conceptualization and case study. Ekológia (Bratislava), 37(2), 183–200. https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2018-0016.
Pintér, L., Hardi, P., Martinuzzi, A., & Hall, J. (2012). Bellagio STAMP: Principles for sustainability assessment and measurement. Ecological Indicators, 17(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.07.001.
Potter, J., Cantarero, R., & Wood, H. (2012).The Multi-Dimensional Nature of Predicting Quality of Life.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 50(C), 781–790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.08.080.
Raworth, K. (2018). Doughnut Economics. Retrieved from https://www.kateraworth.com/doughnut/.
Rezvani, M. R., Mansourian, H., & Sattari, M. H. (2013). Evaluating Quality of Life in Urban Areas (Case Study: Noorabad City, Iran). Social Indicators Research, 112(1), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0048-2.
Rodriguez D. L. (2015) The Role of Context and Culture in Quality of Life Studies. In: Tonon G. (eds) Qualitative Studies in Quality of Life. Social Indicators Research Series, vol 55. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13779-7_3.
Schmid, C. (2018). Journeys through planetary urbanization: Decentering perspectives on the urban. Environment and Planning D - Society and Space, 36(3), 591–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775818765476.
SCI (2018). Sustainable Cities Index, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.arcadis.com/en/united-states/our-perspectives/sustainable-cities-index-2018/united-states/.
SCMI (2017). Sustainable Cities Mobility Index, 2017. Retrieved from https://www.arcadis.com/en/global/our-perspectives/sustainable-cities-mobility-index-2017/.
Shen, L., Lu, W., Peng, Y., & Jiang, S. (2012). Critical Assessment Indicators for Measuring Benefits of Rural Infrastructure Investment in China.Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 17(4), 176–183. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000066.
SPI (2018). Social Progress Index, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.socialprogress.org/.
Stiglitz, J. (2009). Towards a better measure of well-being. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/95b492a8-a095-11de-b9ef-00144feabdc0.
Sullivan, G., & Artino, A. (2013). Analyzing and Interpreting Data From Likert-Type Scales. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(4), 541–542. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-5-4-18.
UNFCCC (2016). The Paris Agreement. Retrieved from https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement.
United Nations. (2020). SDG Moment. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sdg-moment/.
Unicef. (2020). Trend of urban population. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/sowc2012/urbanmap/.
WCED (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our common future. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf.
Wilson, D., Boodram, B. & Smith, J. (2019). 2. Public Housing, Heroin Addiction, And America’S Industrial Suburbs: A Planetary Urbanist Perspective. In K. Guney, R. Keil & M. Ucoglu (Ed.), Massive Suburbanization (pp. 56-78). Toronto: University of Toronto Press. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781487531867-005.
Wilson, D., & Jonas, A. E. G. (2018). Planetary urbanization: new perspectives on the debate. Urban Geography, 39 (10), 1576–1580. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2018.1481603.
Published
2021-04-25
How to Cite
LAM, Schuman; LI, Heng; YU, Ann T.W..
Rethinking Urbanization: A Transit-Information-Communication –Technology-Oriented Development Path for the Developing Countries and Post-Industrial Towns.
Geosfera Indonesia, [S.l.], v. 6, n. 1, p. 1-19, apr. 2021.
ISSN 2614-8528.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/GEOSI/article/view/20810>. Date accessed: 13 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v6i1.20810.
Section
Original Research Articles
