THE CARRYING CAPACITY ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF LAND USE CHANGE AT BORDER ENTIKONG

Entikong Region is located in Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia, which is directly adjacent to Malaysia. Land use in the Border Area, which is massive and irregular, results in environmental degradation, deculturization, and lack of living standards of the community. High population growth in the border areas leads to excessive use of natural resources, and used land is not appropriately allocated. The land has limited function, and if the demand for the land is greater than the carrying capacity, there will be an imbalance that results in land degradation and its environment. The purpose of this study is to identify the type and extent of land function switch, analyze provider services as part of the Land Support Capacity Ecosystem services, and identify the Accuracy of Image Interpretation. The results showed that the increasing area of massive land use comes from a mixed plantation in 2017 increased by 60.6% of the total area of Entikong District. Degradation occurs in primary forest land use component which is only 18.6% of Entikong's total area in 2017. This indicates that the use of mixed plantation land acquires the protected forest, with many palm, rubber, and pepper. Similarly, the percentage of accuracy test from the interpretation result reaches 83.33% from 42 sample points in accordance with the real conditions. The Value of Clean Water Ecosystem Service Providers in 2011 was 0.36 and was 0.33 in 2017. Then within the period of almost 7 years, it is decreased by 0.03. Thus, the Ecosystem Service Index of clean water providers has a value less than 1, it means the function of the area as a provider of clean water is very small. Similarly, the Provider Ecosystem Services Index for Foodstuffs, the Value of Food Ecosystem Services Index in 2011 was 0.32 and was 0.31 in 2017, then within the nearly 7-year period, it is decreased by 0.01. The ecosystem services index as a food supply provider for the Entikong border area is very low (less than 1) which means the carrying capacity of the environment is not good enough for supplying food needs in Entikong. This indicates that there is a reduction in the availability of environmental services, and if it continues, then Environmental Assets declines sharply and services derived from nature will be lost or will be expensive in the near future. Thus, optimization and revitalization of land use are necessary by applying various policies related to development in the border area in Entikong District.

sector, institutional, zoning, and informal sector roles) both internally and externally. The lack of socialization about Land Use in the border area causes the degradation of natural resources and poor environmental quality, which is the cause of a low standard of living welfare. When the demand for resources goes beyond what nature can provide on an ongoing basis, it is called an ecological exploitation, and if carrying capacity declines, it is called overpopulation (Rustiadi and Saefulhakim, 2011).
One of the efforts taken to reduce the impact is by doing a fairly comprehensive evaluation of the effect of a land use activity on the quality and quantity of the existing environment. As a physical representation, improvement,and conversion of land that deviates from the designated land use. One of them is the use of plantation land (oil palm, rubber, and pepper) will have an impact on environmental degradation and declining availability of environmental services. If this continues, the Environmental Assets will decline sharply and the free environmental services will be lost or become expensive in the near future. Ecosystem services are categorized into four; provision services, arrangement, culture, and support (Riqqi, 2014).
Regional environmental services index value is a weighted index of each component of ecosystem services. Technically, the calculations are performed by several components in ecosystem services such as ecosystem services components that support clean water and food (Muta'ali, 2015). Based on the background that the researchers have conveyed the main purpose of this Research are: (1) Identify the extent and type of land use in Entikong. (2) Analyzing the level of accuracy of land use interpretation in Entikong. (3) Analyze the value of ecosystem services index from each variable of land use in Entikong.

The Methods
The research was conducted in West Kalimantan Province, at Entikong Border, Sanggau Regency, and directly adjacent to Malaysia (Sarawak). These data are grouped into primary and secondary data in [2011][2012][2013][2014][2015][2016][2017]. Primary data consists of Landsat Image in 2011 and 2017. Secondary data consists of maps of Entikong District Administration obtained from the Regional Development Planning Board in West Kalimantan Province, Sanggau Regency. The equipment used is Global Positioning System (GPS), a set of computers with ArcView GIS software, and Office 2007.

Analysis of Land Use Map
The source of land use maps is the result of digital interpretation of ETM Landsat Imagery in 2011 and Landsat 8 OLI in 2017. The process of digital interpretation is carried out with the help of the program ENVI 4.5. ETM Landsat Image 2011 and Landsat 8 OLI 2017 have low-resolution images with spatial resolution of 30 x 30 m. This image is obtained from the USGS website. The image used has been undergone radiometric and geometry correction.
The process of remote sensing data analysis starts from geometric correction of the image with topography map scale 1: 25.000. Furthermore, the land use is described manually by visual interpretation techniques. The characteristic of the object used to recognize an object is called image interpretation (Saripin, 2003).The analysis of land use switch is carried out by

Analysis of Land Use Switch
Land use switch is presented in percentage with the following equation: Information: V = rate of land use switch N2 = area of land use in the second year N = Total Area (Hamidy, 2003)

Accuracy Test of Image Interpretation
The next step is determining the Land Use class used in the classification process. The land use class used in this study is based on land use classification by Sandy, 1977, which distinguishes between rural and urban land use. On a mapping scale of 1: 50,000 Land Use is divided into 10 classes with several subcategories (Purwadhi, 2008).
The interpretation results need to be checked using Field Survey method. The sampling method used is Purposive Sampling. The interpretation result is considered accurate if the percentage of conformity interpretation is more than 80% (Saripin, 2003). This method is used in the digital analysis of remote sensing data using a computer, but can also be used in the manual analysis or visual Remote Sensing data by converting pixels into square plots or widths for each class of interpretation results. Source: (Saripin, 2003) Accuracy of all interpretation results = 25 + 50 + 60 + 100 284

Analysis of Clean Water Supply Services
Index of Clean Water Supply Service (JPL ab), has a range of values between 0 (minimum) to 1 (maximum). Therefore, if the value is closer to 1, it means the function of the area as a provider of clean water is getting better.
The formula is: α 1 = Coefficient of water services for land use 1 ( Table 2 ) Here is The Coefficient

Analysis of Food Supply Service
The Food Service Provider Index (JPL bp), has a value range between 0 (minimum) to 1 (maximum). Therefore, if the value is closer to 1, it means the better the function of the area as a food provider is getting better.
The Formula is: β 1 = Coefficient of food ecosystem services for land use 1 (Table 3) Here is The Coefficient

Research Variable
The classification system used is based on the SNI cover classification and land use in 2010 from Badan Standarisasi Nasional (BSN) Here is the table: Source:(National Standardization Department, 2010)

Land Use Changes in 2011 and 2017
The

Land Use Changes in 2011 and 2017
The

Land Use Changes in 2011 and 2017
The

The accuracy of Interpretation Test Results
To know the accuracy and appropriateness of the result, remote sensing image interpretation is also done. The level of interpretation accuracy is reliable or interpretation of results is necessary or not for further analysis. Here is the Image of Test of Land Use Accuracy:

Analysis of Clean Water Ecosystem Services in Entikong Sub District Year 2011 and 2017
The value of the regional service environment index is the value of the area index of

Analysis of Clean Water Ecosystem Services in Entikong Sub District Year 2011 and 2017
The value of the regional service environment index is the value of the area index of

Analysis of Clean Water Ecosystem Services in Entikong Sub District Year 2011 and 2017
The value of the regional service environment index is the value of the area index of Research information on land carrying capacity and land use switch have been widely practiced. examines spatial planning derived from the support based on water resource capacity (Asdak & Salim, 2006). This research is descriptive and does not discuss thoroughly and in detail about water resources management. The results of this study are ecosystem approaches that place production sub-subsystems, consumption sub-systems, and distribution sub-systems in the context of interconnection among components in the overall water resource management system.
Subsequent research, (Viska, 2012) assessed the carrying capacity through an ecological footprint approach which is a study of the carrying capacity to assess the Research information on land carrying capacity and land use switch have been widely practiced. examines spatial planning derived from the support based on water resource capacity (Asdak & Salim, 2006). This research is descriptive and does not discuss thoroughly and in detail about water resources management. The results of this study are ecosystem approaches that place production sub-subsystems, consumption sub-systems, and distribution sub-systems in the context of interconnection among components in the overall water resource management system.
Subsequent research, (Viska, 2012) assessed the carrying capacity through an ecological footprint approach which is a study of the carrying capacity to assess the Research information on land carrying capacity and land use switch have been widely practiced. examines spatial planning derived from the support based on water resource capacity (Asdak & Salim, 2006). This research is descriptive and does not discuss thoroughly and in detail about water resources management. The results of this study are ecosystem approaches that place production sub-subsystems, consumption sub-systems, and distribution sub-systems in the context of interconnection among components in the overall water resource management system.
Subsequent research, (Viska, 2012) assessed the carrying capacity through an ecological footprint approach which is a study of the carrying capacity to assess the My research studies are related to the carrying capacity of service providers,especially in ecosystems. The research related to water and land ecosystem services has never been done, although the research is still within the scope of carrying capacity, the approach used is different from previous research. What makes this research distinguishes from previous research is that this research is tested with the accuracy of interpretation, and approach used is the approach of ecosystem services for food providers and water supply. In addition, the location of research is located on the border of Indonesia-Malaysia, especially Entikong makes it different from previous research.
From In Figure 6, the value of Food Supply Ecosystem Services Index in 2011 is in the amount of 0.32 and in 2017 is in the amount of 0.31, then in almost 7 years period, it is decreased by 0.01. This is not good because the ecosystem service index as a food supply provider for the border area in Entikong sub-district is very low and has a value of less than 1.
Similarly, the value of Clean Water Ecosystem Services Index in 2011 is 0.36 and in 2017 is 0.33, then in the nearly 7-year period, it is decreased by 0.03 (see Figure 8). This is not good because the ecosystem service index as a clean water provider for the Entikong District border area is very low because it has a value of less than 1 and indicates that the relationship between the availability of ecosystem services and the environmental capacity is exceeded (overshoot), the value of ecosystem services clean water provider index is a resource management tool that can measure how much human resources the population needs, to produce the resources consumed. Rustiadi and Saefulhakim (2011) says that if the demand for availability exceeds and nature cannot provide a continuous need is called an ecological Overshoot.

Cloncusion
Research study on overlay method, interpretation test, and method of carrying capacity of ecosystem services of water supply providers and foodstuffs used serves to see how far the availability and carrying capacity. Natural and environmental resources produce two products in the form of goods and services. Services products are also called environmental services, i.e.
benefits derived from non-natural goods but environmental functions such as water systems, climate, clean water, biodiversity, beauty, coolness and so on (Muta'ali, 2015). with field data that is as much as 42 point. The result of calculation of accuracy test using confius matrix. The result of digital land cover interpretation is validation test with field data in the amount of 42 points. Furthermore, referring to the coefficient of clean water service providers and providers of foodstuffs, ecosystem services assessment index is done. If the index value is closer to 1, it means the better the region functions in providing the environment sercive. On the other hand, if the index value is below 1, it means that the area function to support the needs of human populations will be reduced or not good for environmental functions. This is the particular thing differentiates this study and the previous studies, where prior research has emphasized more on ecosystems. The research location is in the border area of the Republic of Indonesia and Malaysia, makes this Research is highly recommended for the stakeholders to produce policies related to border areas, especially in the field of Environmental Science, and improve alternative land use in accordance with its allocation in aligning and balance out the availability of resources and the environment.