PENGARUH KOLKISIN TERHADAP KARAKTER MORFOLOGI TANAMAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the plant commodities that has high economic value. Eggplant production is still volatile so plant breeding with a colchicine mutation is needed to increase eggplant production. Colchicine is Colchicum autumnale seed extract which is able to weaken the spindle thread from the metaphase process to anaphase so that chromosome multiplication occurs without the formation of cell walls. Eggplant sprouts induced by different concentrations of colchicine, they are 0 ppm (K0), 100 ppm (K1), 200 ppm (K2) for 6 hours (L1), 12 hours (L2), 18 hours (L3) . The variables observed were morphological characters such as plant height, flowering age, fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter. The results of the treatment show concentration of colchicine and soaking time had a very significant effect on fruit diameter and fruit weight. K1L2 is the most effectif treatment on diameter and weigh of fruit.The concentration of colchicine has a significant effect on plant height and flowering age. The most effectif concentration in plant height and flowering age is K1.
Keywords: Eggplant, Colchicine concentration, Soaking time of colchicine
ABSTRAK
Terung (Solanum melongena L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman dengan nilai ekonomis tinggi. Produksi terung masih fluktuatif sehingga pemuliaan tanaman dengan mutasi colchicine diperlukan untuk meningkatkan produksi terung. Colchicine merupakan ekstrak dari biji Colchicum autumnale yang mampu melemahkan untaian DNA dari proses metafase menjadi anafase, sehingga multiplikasi kromosom terjadi tanpa pembentukan dinding sel. Kecambah terung diinduksi dengan colchicine dalam konsentrasi yang berbeda, yaitu 0 ppm (K0), 100 ppm (K1), 200 ppm (K2) selama 6 jam (L1), 12 jam (L2), 18 jam (L3). Variabel yang diamati adalah karakter morfologi seperti tinggi tanaman, umur berbunga, berat buah, diameter buah, panjang buah, panjang daun, lebar daun dan diameter batang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan konsentrasi colchicine dan waktu perendaman memiliki pengaruh yang sangat signifikan terhadap diameter buah dan berat buah. Perlakuan K1L2 merupakan perlakuan yang paling efektif mempengaruhi diameter dan berat buah. Konsentrasi colchicine memiliki efek signifikan terhadap tinggi tanaman dan usia berbunga. Konsentrasi paling efektif terhadap tinggi tanaman dan umur berbunga adalah K1.
Kata Kunci: Terung, konsentrasi colchicine, waktu perendaman colchicine
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