Formulation, Stability Test and Antibacterial Activity of Banana Leaf Extract Liquid Soap (Musa sp.) against the Growth of Escherichia coli
Abstract
Liquid soap is an important component in maintaining skin cleanliness. Good liquid soap is soap that contains natural antioxidants because it can protect the body from free radicals and prevent cell damage and is also antibacterial because it can prevent and kill pathogens. One source of easily available phytochemical compounds with antioxidant and antibacterial activity is banana leaves (Musa sp.). The aim of this research was to formulate physically and chemically stable banana leaf extract liquid soap and test the antibacterial effectiveness of banana leaf extract liquid soap with formulations of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% against the growth of Escherichia coli. This research was carried out using Completely Randomized Design which included making extracts, phytochemical screening tests, organoleptic tests, hedonic tests, pH tests, homogeneity tests, foam stability tests, and antibacterial tests on Escherichia coli using the diffusion method (paper disc). Then statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to determine the differences in the five formulas. Integrating banana leaf phytochemical compounds into soap formulas produces products that are antioxidant and antibacterial. The best formula is at an extract concentration of 7% because it provides optimal antibacterial test results and meets SNI standards for foam stability.
References
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Bawondes, J. N., Maarisit, W., Ginting, A., & Kanter, J. (2021). Test of the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Ficus septica Burm F. awar-awar fruit against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Tropical Biopharmaceuticals (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutical), 4(1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.55724/j.biofar.trop.v4i1.304.
Bidilah, S. A., Rumape, O., & Mohamad, E. (2017). Optimization of stirring time and KOH volume. Liquid soap made from used cooking oil. Jambura Journal of Educational Chemistry, 12(1), 55-60.
Dellima, B. R. E. M., Sari, E. K., & Rosita, M. E. (2023). Analysis of Moringa leaf flavonoids and their application in soap preparations. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Research (IJPSCR), 1(2), 58-64. https://journal.upy.ac.id/index.php/ijpscr.
Devi, S., & Mulyani, T. (2017). Test of the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of henna kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn) leaves on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. JCPS (Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Sciences), 1(1), 30-35. https://journal.umbjm.ac.id/index.php/jcps/article/view/80.
Ekayanti, N.L.F, Megawati, F., & Dewi, N.L.K.A.A. (2023). Review article: use of banana plant (Musa Paradisiaca L.) as a cosmetic preparation. Usadha Journal, 2(2), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.36733/usadha.v2i2.6217.
Finch, D.J., Hamilton, L.K., Baldwin, R., Zehner, M. (2013). An exploratory study of factors affecting undergraduate employability. Journal of Education + Training, 55 (7), 681–704. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-07-2012-0077.
Handayani, R., & Qa, N. (2023). Formulation of serum preparations from ground liver tuber ethanol extract. Journal of Pharmaceutics, 12(2), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.32583/far.v12i2.1219.
Haque, A. F., Mulyani, E., & Hendick, J. (2022). Antibacterial liquid hand wash soap formulation ethanol extract of cayenne pepper leaves (Solanum frutescens. L). Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2(2), 152-160. https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v2i2.15510.
Hasibuan, R., Adventi, F., & Rtg, R. P. (2019). Effect of reaction temperature, stirring speed and reaction time on making solid soap from coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.). USU Journal of Chemical Engineering, 8(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v8i1.1601
Hutasoit, D.P. (2020). Effect of food sanitation and Escherichia coli bacteria contamination on diarrhea. Sandi Husada Health Scientific Journal, 9(2), 779-786. https://dx.doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v12i2.399.
Karina, B. E. A. T. A, Iskandar, T., & Yuniningsih, S. (2022). Pre-design for liquid bath soap factory from crude palm oil (CPO) with a capacity of 6,750. 000 ton/year with mixer main equipment. Thesis. Faculty of Engineering, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University. https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/213035.
Kharisma, D.N.I., & Safitri, C.I.N.H. (2020). Formulation and quality testing physique extract gel preparation rice bran (Oryza sativa L.). Proceedings of the 5th SNPBS (National Seminar on Biology and Science Education).
Korompis, F.C., Yamlean, P.V., & Lolo, W.A. (2020). Formulation and effectiveness testing antibacterial preparation soap liquid extract ethanol leaf cherry (Muntingia Calabura L.) against bacteria Staphlococcous epidermidis. Journal of Pharmacon, 9(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.9.2020.27407.
Legi, A. P., Edy, H.J., & Abdullah, S.S. (2021). Formulation and testing of antibacterial activity of a preparation of liquid soap from ethanoled extract of soursop leaves (Annona muricata Linn) against Staphylococcus bacteria. Journal of Pharmacon, 10(3), 1058-1065. https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.10.2021.35610.
Lestari, G., Noptahariza, R., & Rahmadina, N. (2020). Test activity antibacterial formulation soap liquid extract skin durian fruit (Durio Zibethinus L.) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Cendekia Journal of Pharmacy, 4(2), 95-101. http://cjp.jurnal.stikescendekiautamakudus.ac.id/.
Maharani, C., Suci, P.R., & Safitri, C.I.N.H (2021). Formulation and physical quality test binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) as soap liquid. In Proceedings of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, 13, 54-61. https://doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v13i1.443.
Milindasari, P. (2024). The relationship between early MP-ASI feeding and the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 0-6 months: Literature review: The relationship between early breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 0-6 months: Literature review. Journal of Nursing Mother Pomegranate, 6(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.59030/jkbd.v6i1.97.
Nauli, A. P., Darmanto, Y. S., & Susanto, E. (2015). The characteristics of liquid soap with the addition of seawater fish collagen are different. Journal of Fishery Product Processing and Biotechnology, 4(4), 1-6. http://www.ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpbhp.
Nisa, O. N. L, Ashari, N., Verdani, A., Khoiriyah, H., & Purwojati, N. (2017). Stability test on banana leaf extract gel (worn gel). Journal of URECOL, 8(4), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.37874/ms.v8i4.924.
Oktiana, F., Mardiah, A., Farma, S. A., & Advinda, L. (2021). Test of the antibacterial activity of liquid bath soap against Escherichia coli bacteria. In Proceedings of the National Seminar on Biology, 1(1): 329-334. https://doi.org/10.24036/prosemnasbio/vol1/44.
Rahmawati, T. E., Sulistyarini, I., & Putra, H. N. T. (2023). Training to make banana peel soap in Plamongansari Village, Semarang City. DiMas Journal, 5(1), 39-42. https://doi.org/10.53359/dimas.v5i1.62
Runtuwene, K., Yamlean, P. V., & Yudistira, A. (2019). Formulation, stability test and antioxidant effectiveness test of gel preparation from ethanol extract of sesewanua leaves (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl) using DPPH method. Pharmacon, 8(2), 298-305. https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.8.2019.29295.
Sari, S. Y. (2018). Formulation of Liquid Soap Preparations from Bidara Leaf Extract (Ziziphus Mauritiana). Thesis. Faculty of Pharmacy and Health. Helvetia Medan Health Institute. http://repository.helvetia.ac.id/id/eprint/750.
Suharyanisa., Sitorus, B., Tarigan, Y. G., Hestina., & Nainggolan, S. J. (2021). Test of the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of golden banana leaves (Musa acuminata Colla.) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Journal of Health Technology and Social Sciences (TEKESNOS), 3(2), 354-360. http://e-journal.sari-mutiara.ac.id/index.php/tekesnos/article/view/4154.
Syamsu, A.S.I, Yusuf, M., & Maruf, D. (2022). Formulation and activity test of liquid bath soap preparation of ethanol extract of kapok leaves (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) against the growth of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria. SEHATMAS: Scientific Journal of Public Health, 1(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v1i1.53.
Syarifah, A.L, Andini, A., Alfad, H., & Alfurida, A. (2021). Influence variation concentration extract temugiring (Curcuma heyneana) in cream preparations against SPF values. Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, 6(2), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.18860/jip.v6i2.14336.
Syinta, T. A. (2018). Effect of different concentrations of fragrant pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius, Roxb) on the characteristics of transparent soap. Thesis. Faculty of Agricultural Technology. Andalas University. http://scholar.unand.ac.id/id/eprint/37185.
Toy, T. S., Lampus, B. S., & Hutagalung, B. S. (2015). Test the inhibitory power of Gracilaria sp seaweed extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. E-DENTAL Journal, 3(1), 153-159. https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.3.1.2015.6600.
Wibisono, K.A., & Cahyono, E.D. (2022). Design Build a Digital Monitoring pH Meter Based on the Delphi Interface 7. Nucleus Journal, 1(1), 12-20. https://ejournal.undar.or.id/index.php/Nucleus/article/view/35.
Widarta, I. W. R., & Wiadnyani, A. A. I. S. (2019). Effect of drying method on antioxidant activity of avocado leaves. Journal of Food Technology Applications, 8(3), 80-85. https://doi.org/10.17728/jatp.3361.
Yani, A., Fenriyati, F. L., Ramadhani, A., & Aoliah, R. N. (2022). Socialization and training on making dishwashing soap using banana peel as a base material for PKK members, Api-api Village, Bontang City. Ahmad Yani Service Journal, 2(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.53620/pay.v2i1.65.
Yusharyahya, S. N. (2021). Mechanism of skin aging as a basis for prevention and treatment of aging skin: Mechanism of skin aging. E-Journal of Indonesian Medicine, 9(2), 150-150. https://doi.org/10.23886/ejki.9.49.150
Anggraini, S. D. A., Suci, P. R., & Safitri, C. I. N. H. (2021). Formulation and physical quality test of basil leaf extract herbal liquid soap (Ocimum sanctum L.). In Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, 13, 188-191. https://prosiding.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/.
Bawondes, J. N., Maarisit, W., Ginting, A., & Kanter, J. (2021). Test of the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Ficus septica Burm F. awar-awar fruit against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Tropical Biopharmaceuticals (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutical), 4(1), 21-29. https://doi.org/10.55724/j.biofar.trop.v4i1.304.
Bidilah, S. A., Rumape, O., & Mohamad, E. (2017). Optimization of stirring time and KOH volume. Liquid soap made from used cooking oil. Jambura Journal of Educational Chemistry, 12(1), 55-60.
Dellima, B. R. E. M., Sari, E. K., & Rosita, M. E. (2023). Analysis of Moringa leaf flavonoids and their application in soap preparations. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Research (IJPSCR), 1(2), 58-64. https://journal.upy.ac.id/index.php/ijpscr.
Devi, S., & Mulyani, T. (2017). Test of the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of henna kuku (Lawsonia inermis Linn) leaves on Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. JCPS (Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Sciences), 1(1), 30-35. https://journal.umbjm.ac.id/index.php/jcps/article/view/80.
Ekayanti, N.L.F, Megawati, F., & Dewi, N.L.K.A.A. (2023). Review article: use of banana plant (Musa Paradisiaca L.) as a cosmetic preparation. Usadha Journal, 2(2), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.36733/usadha.v2i2.6217.
Finch, D.J., Hamilton, L.K., Baldwin, R., Zehner, M. (2013). An exploratory study of factors affecting undergraduate employability. Journal of Education + Training, 55 (7), 681–704. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-07-2012-0077.
Handayani, R., & Qa, N. (2023). Formulation of serum preparations from ground liver tuber ethanol extract. Journal of Pharmaceutics, 12(2), 227-236. https://doi.org/10.32583/far.v12i2.1219.
Haque, A. F., Mulyani, E., & Hendick, J. (2022). Antibacterial liquid hand wash soap formulation ethanol extract of cayenne pepper leaves (Solanum frutescens. L). Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 2(2), 152-160. https://doi.org/10.37311/ijpe.v2i2.15510.
Hasibuan, R., Adventi, F., & Rtg, R. P. (2019). Effect of reaction temperature, stirring speed and reaction time on making solid soap from coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.). USU Journal of Chemical Engineering, 8(1), 11-17. https://doi.org/10.32734/jtk.v8i1.1601
Hutasoit, D.P. (2020). Effect of food sanitation and Escherichia coli bacteria contamination on diarrhea. Sandi Husada Health Scientific Journal, 9(2), 779-786. https://dx.doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v12i2.399.
Karina, B. E. A. T. A, Iskandar, T., & Yuniningsih, S. (2022). Pre-design for liquid bath soap factory from crude palm oil (CPO) with a capacity of 6,750. 000 ton/year with mixer main equipment. Thesis. Faculty of Engineering, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University. https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/213035.
Kharisma, D.N.I., & Safitri, C.I.N.H. (2020). Formulation and quality testing physique extract gel preparation rice bran (Oryza sativa L.). Proceedings of the 5th SNPBS (National Seminar on Biology and Science Education).
Korompis, F.C., Yamlean, P.V., & Lolo, W.A. (2020). Formulation and effectiveness testing antibacterial preparation soap liquid extract ethanol leaf cherry (Muntingia Calabura L.) against bacteria Staphlococcous epidermidis. Journal of Pharmacon, 9(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.9.2020.27407.
Legi, A. P., Edy, H.J., & Abdullah, S.S. (2021). Formulation and testing of antibacterial activity of a preparation of liquid soap from ethanoled extract of soursop leaves (Annona muricata Linn) against Staphylococcus bacteria. Journal of Pharmacon, 10(3), 1058-1065. https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.10.2021.35610.
Lestari, G., Noptahariza, R., & Rahmadina, N. (2020). Test activity antibacterial formulation soap liquid extract skin durian fruit (Durio Zibethinus L.) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Cendekia Journal of Pharmacy, 4(2), 95-101. http://cjp.jurnal.stikescendekiautamakudus.ac.id/.
Maharani, C., Suci, P.R., & Safitri, C.I.N.H (2021). Formulation and physical quality test binahong leaf extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) as soap liquid. In Proceedings of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences, 13, 54-61. https://doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v13i1.443.
Milindasari, P. (2024). The relationship between early MP-ASI feeding and the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 0-6 months: Literature review: The relationship between early breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 0-6 months: Literature review. Journal of Nursing Mother Pomegranate, 6(1), 29-38. https://doi.org/10.59030/jkbd.v6i1.97.
Nauli, A. P., Darmanto, Y. S., & Susanto, E. (2015). The characteristics of liquid soap with the addition of seawater fish collagen are different. Journal of Fishery Product Processing and Biotechnology, 4(4), 1-6. http://www.ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/jpbhp.
Nisa, O. N. L, Ashari, N., Verdani, A., Khoiriyah, H., & Purwojati, N. (2017). Stability test on banana leaf extract gel (worn gel). Journal of URECOL, 8(4), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.37874/ms.v8i4.924.
Oktiana, F., Mardiah, A., Farma, S. A., & Advinda, L. (2021). Test of the antibacterial activity of liquid bath soap against Escherichia coli bacteria. In Proceedings of the National Seminar on Biology, 1(1): 329-334. https://doi.org/10.24036/prosemnasbio/vol1/44.
Rahmawati, T. E., Sulistyarini, I., & Putra, H. N. T. (2023). Training to make banana peel soap in Plamongansari Village, Semarang City. DiMas Journal, 5(1), 39-42. https://doi.org/10.53359/dimas.v5i1.62
Runtuwene, K., Yamlean, P. V., & Yudistira, A. (2019). Formulation, stability test and antioxidant effectiveness test of gel preparation from ethanol extract of sesewanua leaves (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl) using DPPH method. Pharmacon, 8(2), 298-305. https://doi.org/10.35799/pha.8.2019.29295.
Sari, S. Y. (2018). Formulation of Liquid Soap Preparations from Bidara Leaf Extract (Ziziphus Mauritiana). Thesis. Faculty of Pharmacy and Health. Helvetia Medan Health Institute. http://repository.helvetia.ac.id/id/eprint/750.
Suharyanisa., Sitorus, B., Tarigan, Y. G., Hestina., & Nainggolan, S. J. (2021). Test of the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of golden banana leaves (Musa acuminata Colla.) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Journal of Health Technology and Social Sciences (TEKESNOS), 3(2), 354-360. http://e-journal.sari-mutiara.ac.id/index.php/tekesnos/article/view/4154.
Syamsu, A.S.I, Yusuf, M., & Maruf, D. (2022). Formulation and activity test of liquid bath soap preparation of ethanol extract of kapok leaves (Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn) against the growth of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria. SEHATMAS: Scientific Journal of Public Health, 1(1), 92-104. https://doi.org/10.55123/sehatmas.v1i1.53.
Syarifah, A.L, Andini, A., Alfad, H., & Alfurida, A. (2021). Influence variation concentration extract temugiring (Curcuma heyneana) in cream preparations against SPF values. Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, 6(2), 63-67. https://doi.org/10.18860/jip.v6i2.14336.
Syinta, T. A. (2018). Effect of different concentrations of fragrant pandan leaf extract (Pandanus amaryllifolius, Roxb) on the characteristics of transparent soap. Thesis. Faculty of Agricultural Technology. Andalas University. http://scholar.unand.ac.id/id/eprint/37185.
Toy, T. S., Lampus, B. S., & Hutagalung, B. S. (2015). Test the inhibitory power of Gracilaria sp seaweed extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. E-DENTAL Journal, 3(1), 153-159. https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.3.1.2015.6600.
Wibisono, K.A., & Cahyono, E.D. (2022). Design Build a Digital Monitoring pH Meter Based on the Delphi Interface 7. Nucleus Journal, 1(1), 12-20. https://ejournal.undar.or.id/index.php/Nucleus/article/view/35.
Widarta, I. W. R., & Wiadnyani, A. A. I. S. (2019). Effect of drying method on antioxidant activity of avocado leaves. Journal of Food Technology Applications, 8(3), 80-85. https://doi.org/10.17728/jatp.3361.
Yani, A., Fenriyati, F. L., Ramadhani, A., & Aoliah, R. N. (2022). Socialization and training on making dishwashing soap using banana peel as a base material for PKK members, Api-api Village, Bontang City. Ahmad Yani Service Journal, 2(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.53620/pay.v2i1.65.
Yusharyahya, S. N. (2021). Mechanism of skin aging as a basis for prevention and treatment of aging skin: Mechanism of skin aging. E-Journal of Indonesian Medicine, 9(2), 150-150. https://doi.org/10.23886/ejki.9.49.150
Published
2024-10-12
How to Cite
WAHYUNINGSIH, Erpika Ambar; KHUMAIRA, Annisa.
Formulation, Stability Test and Antibacterial Activity of Banana Leaf Extract Liquid Soap (Musa sp.) against the Growth of Escherichia coli.
BIOEDUKASI, [S.l.], p. 407-421, oct. 2024.
ISSN 2580-0094.
Available at: <https://jurnal.unej.ac.id/index.php/BIOED/article/view/47850>. Date accessed: 14 nov. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.19184/bioedu.v22i3.47850.
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Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-0515
